Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2024 Nov;102(2):396-410. doi: 10.1177/13872877241289385. Epub 2024 Nov 3.
Semantic and short-term episodic memory are impaired in some brain disorders including Alzheimer's disease.
Development and validation of an almost self-administered, but cognitively demanding four-minute test identifying very mild cognitive impairment (vMCI).
The innovative hedgehog ture aming and mmediate ecall () consisted of two parts. The first task was to write down the names of 20 black-and-white pictures to evaluate long-term semantic memory and language. The second task involves immediate recall and writing the names of as many previously named pictures as possible in one minute. The PICNIR is assessed using the number of naming errors (NE) and correctly recalled picture names (PICR). The PICNIR and a neuropsychological battery were administered to 190 elderly individuals living independently in the community. They were divided into those with vMCI (n = 43 with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 24 ± 3 points) and sociodemographically matched cognitively normal (CN) individuals (n = 147 with MoCA 26 ± 3). Both subgroups had predicted mean Mini-Mental State Examination scores of 28-29 points.
Compared to CN, vMCI participants made more NE (0.3 ± 0.6 versus 0.6 ± 0.9; p = 0.02) and recalled fewer PICR (8.9 ± 2.2 versus 6.8 ± 2.2; < 0.000001). Discriminative validity was satisfactory using the area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.76 for PICR, 0.74 for MoCA, 0.67 for MoCA-five-word recall, and 0.59 for NE. The AUCs of PICR and MoCA were comparable and larger than those of MoCA five-point recall or NE. Logical Memory scores, RAVLT scores, Digit symbol, and animal fluency correlated with PICR.
The picture-based PICNIR is an ultra-brief, sensitive cognitive test valid for assessing very mild cognitive impairment. Its effectiveness should be validated for other languages and cultures.
语义和短期情景记忆在一些脑部疾病中受到损害，包括阿尔茨海默病。
开发和验证一种几乎可以自行进行但认知要求较高的四分钟测试，以识别非常轻度认知障碍（vMCI）。
创新的刺猬图命名和即时回忆（PICNIR）测试由两部分组成。第一部分任务是写下 20 张黑白图片的名称，以评估长期语义记忆和语言能力。第二部分任务涉及即时回忆和在一分钟内尽可能多地写下之前命名的图片名称。使用命名错误数（NE）和正确回忆的图片名称（PICR）评估 PICNIR。PICNIR 和神经心理学测试套件被用于评估 190 名居住在社区中的独立老年人。他们被分为 vMCI 组（n=43，蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）得分为 24±3 分）和认知正常（CN）组（n=147，MoCA 得分为 26±3 分）。这两个亚组的预测平均简易精神状态检查（MMSE）得分为 28-29 分。
与 CN 组相比，vMCI 组的命名错误数（0.3±0.6 与 0.6±0.9；p=0.02）更多，正确回忆的图片名称更少（8.9±2.2 与 6.8±2.2；<0.000001）。使用 ROC 曲线下面积（AUC），PICR 的鉴别效度令人满意：0.76，MoCA 为 0.74，MoCA 五词回忆为 0.67，命名错误数为 0.59。PICR 和 MoCA 的 AUC 相当，且大于 MoCA 五分回忆或命名错误数。逻辑记忆评分、瑞文标准推理测验（RAVLT）评分、数字符号和动物流畅性与 PICR 相关。
基于图片的 PICNIR 是一种超短的、敏感的认知测试，可有效评估非常轻度认知障碍。应在其他语言和文化中验证其有效性。
