Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Department of Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024 Nov;32(11):2186-2197. doi: 10.1002/oby.24134.
Obesity has become a major public health problem worldwide and particularly in China. This study examined the secular trend of overweight and obesity in China over the past 100 years.
Nationwide data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and the Chinese General Social Survey were used. A generalized binary mixed-effects model and a weighted quantile sum model were applied.
From 1909 to 2021, the prevalence of overweight and obesity remained stable from 1909 to 1944, experienced a smooth increase from 1945 to 1959 followed by a decline between 1960 and 1974, continued to rise after 1975, and peaked in 2003. The prevalence of overweight (obesity) among Chinese adults increased by 2.68 (6.21) times, from 20.65% (3.10%) in 1993 to 55.33% (19.26%) in 2021, and cohorts born during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1960-1974) exhibited the lowest risk of overweight and obesity, associated with low protein intake and high physical activity. Cohorts born during the Reform and Opening-Up period (1975-2003) showed a high risk of overweight and obesity related to favorable socioeconomic status and rapid urbanization. Persistent differences by sex and emerging differences by socioeconomic status in overweight and obesity prevalence were captured.
Overweight and obesity trends in China have shown a distinctive increasing-decreasing-increasing pattern over the past 100 years. These patterns exhibit unique characteristics and are influenced by discernible social forces.
肥胖已成为全球，尤其是中国的一个主要公共卫生问题。本研究考察了过去 100 年来中国超重和肥胖的趋势。
使用了来自中国健康与营养调查和中国综合社会调查的全国性数据。应用了广义二元混合效应模型和加权分位数总和模型。
从 1909 年到 2021 年，超重和肥胖的患病率在 1909 年至 1944 年期间保持稳定，在 1945 年至 1959 年期间平稳上升，随后在 1960 年至 1974 年期间下降，在 1975 年之后继续上升，并在 2003 年达到峰值。中国成年人超重（肥胖）的患病率增加了 2.68（6.21）倍，从 1993 年的 20.65%（3.10%）增加到 2021 年的 55.33%（19.26%），文化大革命期间出生的队列（1960-1974 年）超重和肥胖的风险最低，与蛋白质摄入低和体力活动高有关。改革开放期间出生的队列（1975-2003 年）超重和肥胖的风险较高，与有利的社会经济地位和快速城市化有关。研究结果还捕捉到了超重和肥胖患病率性别差异的持续存在和社会经济地位差异的新兴。
中国超重和肥胖的趋势在过去 100 年中呈现出独特的先增后减再增的模式。这些模式具有独特的特征，并受到明显的社会力量的影响。
