College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Oct 21;15:1473030. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1473030. eCollection 2024.
In recent years, cancer, especially primary liver cancer (including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma), has posed a serious threat to human health. In the field of liver cancer, exosomes play an important role in liver cancer initiation, metastasis and interaction with the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes are a class of nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs)secreted by most cells and rich in bioactive molecules, including RNA, proteins and lipids, that mediate intercellular communication during physiological and pathological processes. This review reviews the multiple roles of exosomes in liver cancer, including the initiation, progression, and metastasis of liver cancer, as well as their effects on angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), immune evasion, and drug resistance. Exosomes have great potential as biomarkers for liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis because they carry specific molecular markers that facilitate early detection and evaluation of treatment outcomes. In addition, exosomes, as a new type of drug delivery vector, have unique advantages in the targeted therapy of liver cancer and provide a new strategy for the treatment of liver cancer. The challenges and prospects of exosome-based immunotherapy in the treatment of liver cancer were also discussed. However, challenges such as the standardization of isolation techniques and the scalability of therapeutic applications remain significant hurdles.
近年来，癌症，特别是原发性肝癌（包括肝细胞癌和肝内胆管癌），对人类健康构成了严重威胁。在肝癌领域，外泌体在肝癌的发生、转移以及与肿瘤微环境的相互作用中起着重要作用。外泌体是一类由大多数细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡（EVs），富含生物活性分子，包括 RNA、蛋白质和脂质，它们在生理和病理过程中通过细胞间通讯来调节细胞间通讯。本文综述了外泌体在肝癌中的多种作用，包括肝癌的发生、进展和转移，以及它们对血管生成、上皮-间充质转化（EMT）、免疫逃逸和耐药性的影响。外泌体作为肝癌诊断和预后的生物标志物具有巨大的潜力，因为它们携带特定的分子标志物，有助于早期检测和评估治疗效果。此外，外泌体作为一种新型药物递送载体，在肝癌的靶向治疗中具有独特的优势，为肝癌的治疗提供了新的策略。本文还讨论了基于外泌体的免疫疗法在肝癌治疗中的挑战和前景。然而，分离技术的标准化和治疗应用的可扩展性等挑战仍然是重大障碍。
