Ersoy Betül, Hanedan Nurcan, Özyurt Beyhan
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
Am J Hum Biol. 2025 Jan;37(1):e24181. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.24181. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
The trend in declining age at menarche (AAM) largely continues while body size increases globally. The aim was to investigate trends in AAM, menstrual characteristics, and post-menarcheal anthropometric parameters in adolescents living in an urban area in Türkiye between 1999 and 2018.
Female adolescent high school students in the Manisa region were asked about menarche and socioeconomic status (SES). There were 1017 girls in the first study (1999-2001) and 1304 (2016-2018) in the second study. Height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Adolescent girls were grouped into three socioeconomic status (SES) groups based on parental education and occupation, and all parameters were evaluated using SES.
The mean ± standard deviation for AAM in the first period was 12.82 ± 1.07 years and 12.83 ± 0.9 years in the second. AAM did not differ between the two periods nor between SES groups in either period. Post-menarcheal height, weight, and BMI increased in the second period compared to the first study and across all SES groups (p < 0.05). The whole group AAM was similar in both periods, only 3 months earlier in the second period than in the first period. However, the AAM in girls with a post-menarcheal BMI indicating being overweight or obese was significantly earlier than that of those with a normal post-menarcheal BMI in both periods (p < 0.05).
Despite changing sociodemographic characteristics and an increasing trend in height, weight, and BMI in all socioeconomic groups, no change was observed in mean AAM in an urban region of Western Türkiye over 18 years. While the inverse relationship between BMI and postmenarcheal BMI continued in both periods, the decline in AAM became more pronounced over the years in the presence of high postmenarcheal BMI.
初潮年龄（AAM）下降的趋势在很大程度上仍在持续，而全球人体体型在增加。本研究旨在调查1999年至2018年间生活在土耳其城市地区的青少年的初潮年龄、月经特征以及初潮后人体测量参数的变化趋势。
对马尼萨地区的女性青少年高中生询问初潮情况和社会经济地位（SES）。第一项研究（1999 - 2001年）有1017名女孩，第二项研究（2016 - 2018年）有1304名。测量身高和体重，计算体重指数（BMI）。根据父母的教育程度和职业将青春期女孩分为三个社会经济地位（SES）组，并使用SES对所有参数进行评估。
第一阶段AAM的均值±标准差为12.82±1.07岁，第二阶段为12.83±0.9岁。两个阶段之间以及任一阶段的SES组之间AAM均无差异。与第一项研究相比，第二阶段所有SES组的初潮后身高、体重和BMI均有所增加（p < 0.05）。两个阶段的全组AAM相似，第二阶段仅比第一阶段早3个月。然而，在两个阶段中，初潮后BMI表明超重或肥胖的女孩的AAM显著早于初潮后BMI正常的女孩（p < 0.05）。
尽管社会人口统计学特征发生了变化，且所有社会经济群体的身高、体重和BMI呈上升趋势，但在18年里土耳其西部城市地区的平均AAM未观察到变化。虽然两个阶段BMI与初潮后BMI之间的负相关关系持续存在，但在初潮后BMI较高的情况下，多年来AAM的下降变得更加明显。
