CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities, Pathogen Discovery and Big Data Platform, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Arch Microbiol. 2024 Nov 5;206(12):458. doi: 10.1007/s00203-024-04181-3.
Influenza A virus infection, commonly known as the flu, has persisted in the community for centuries. Although we have yearly vaccinations to prevent seasonal flu, there remains a dire need for antiviral drugs to treat active infections. The constantly evolving genome of the influenza A virus limits the number of effective antiviral therapeutic options. Over time, antiviral drugs become inefficient due to the development of resistance, as seen with adamantanes, which are now largely ineffective against most circulating strains of the virus. Neuraminidase inhibitors have long been the drug of choice, but due to selection pressure, strains are becoming resistant to this class of drugs. Baloxavir marboxil, a drug with a novel mode of action, can be used against strains resistant to other classes of drugs but is still not available in many countries. Deep research into nanoparticles has shown they are effective as antiviral drugs, opening a new avenue of research to use them as antiviral agents with novel modes of action. As this deadly virus, which has killed millions of people in the past, continues to develop resistance, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents with novel modes of action to halt active infections in patients. This review article covers the available therapeutic antiviral drug options with different modes of action, their effectiveness, and resistance to various strains of influenza A virus.
甲型流感病毒感染，通常被称为流感，在社区中已经持续存在了几个世纪。虽然我们每年都有疫苗来预防季节性流感，但仍迫切需要抗病毒药物来治疗活动性感染。甲型流感病毒不断进化的基因组限制了有效抗病毒治疗选择的数量。随着时间的推移，由于耐药性的发展，抗病毒药物变得低效，如金刚烷胺，现在对大多数流行的病毒株基本上无效。神经氨酸酶抑制剂一直是首选药物，但由于选择压力，这些药物对这类药物的耐药性正在增加。巴洛沙韦马波西利是一种具有新型作用机制的药物，可用于对抗对其他类药物耐药的菌株，但在许多国家仍不可用。对纳米颗粒的深入研究表明，它们作为抗病毒药物是有效的，为使用它们作为具有新型作用机制的抗病毒药物开辟了新的研究途径。由于这种致命病毒过去已经导致数百万人死亡，因此迫切需要具有新型作用机制的新治疗药物来阻止患者的活动性感染。本文综述了具有不同作用机制的现有治疗性抗病毒药物选择、它们的有效性以及对各种甲型流感病毒株的耐药性。
