Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Unioeste, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná, HUOP, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Unioeste, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.
Arch Microbiol. 2024 Nov 5;206(12):457. doi: 10.1007/s00203-024-04170-6.
Plastics offer versatility, durability and low production costs, but they also pose environmental and health risks due to improper disposal, accumulation in water bodies, low recycling rates and temporal action that causes physicochemical changes in plastics and the release of toxic products to animal health and nature. Some microorganisms may play crucial roles in improving plastic waste management in the future. Cunningamella echinulata has been identified as a promising candidate that remains viable for long periods and produces a cutinase that is capable of degrading plastic. Other recent approaches involving the use of microorganisms are discussed in this review. However, there does not seem to be a single science that is efficient or most appropriate for solving the problem of plastic pollution on the planet at present. Regulations, especially the implementation of different laws that address the entire plastic cycle in different countries, such as Brazil, the USA, China and the European Union, play important roles in the management of this waste and can contribute to reducing this problem. In the context of the transversality of the information compiled here, the current limitations are discussed, and an effective plan is proposed to reduce plastic pollution. Although it is challenging, it involves implementing legislation, promoting sustainable alternatives, improving collection and recycling systems, encouraging reuse, supporting research and technological innovation, promoting corporate responsibility, collaborating globally, raising public awareness, optimizing waste management and, above all, continuously monitoring the progress of actions based on measurable metrics.
塑料具有多功能性、耐用性和低成本的生产优势，但由于不当处理、在水体中的积累、低回收率以及时间因素导致的物理化学变化，它们也对环境和健康构成了风险，并释放出有毒产品，对动物健康和自然造成危害。一些微生物可能在未来改善塑料废物管理方面发挥关键作用。卷曲乳杆菌已被确定为一种很有前途的候选菌，它可以长时间保持活力，并产生一种能够降解塑料的角质酶。本综述还讨论了其他一些涉及使用微生物的最新方法。然而，目前似乎没有一种单一的科学方法能够有效地解决地球上的塑料污染问题，或者是最合适的方法。法规，特别是不同国家实施不同的法律，以解决整个塑料循环的问题，如巴西、美国、中国和欧盟，在这种废物管理中起着重要作用，并有助于减少这个问题。在综合这里的信息的跨学科性背景下，讨论了当前的局限性，并提出了一个有效的计划来减少塑料污染。尽管这是一项挑战，但它涉及到实施立法、推广可持续替代品、改进收集和回收系统、鼓励再利用、支持研究和技术创新、促进企业责任、全球合作、提高公众意识、优化废物管理，最重要的是，根据可衡量的指标不断监测行动的进展。
