5 个美国城市中与营销和监管相关因素有关的大麻零售商的邻里人口统计学。
Neighborhood demographics in relation to marketing and regulation-related factors among cannabis retailers in 5 US cities.
机构信息
Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2024 Dec 1;265:112471. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112471. Epub 2024 Oct 28.
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed differences in cannabis retailer practices by neighborhood sociodemographics, which can inform disparity-relevant interventions.
METHODS
Multilevel multivariable logistic regressions examined retailers' census tract demographics (percent <21 years-old; non-Hispanic White, Black, or other race, Hispanic; median household income [MHHI]) in relation to 2022 audit data regarding marketing (youth-oriented signs, health-claims, exterior ads, price specials, membership programs, delivery/pick-up) and regulatory compliance (pregnancy and health-risk warning signage, exterior minimum-age signage) among 150 randomly-selected retailers in 5 US cities/states (Denver, Colorado; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Las Vegas, Nevada; Los Angeles, California).
RESULTS
20.7 % had youth-oriented signage, 28.7 % health-claim signage, 27.3 % exterior ads, 75.3 % price specials, 39.3 % membership programs, 28.0 % delivery/pick-up, 72.0 % pregnancy warnings, 38.0 % health-risk warnings, and 64.0 % minimum-age signage. Retailers in tracts with higher percent <21 and non-Hispanic White had lower odds of youth-oriented signage. Higher MHHI had higher odds of health-claims; higher percent Hispanic had lower odds of health-claims. Higher MHHI had lower odds of exterior ads. Higher percent <21 had lower odds of price specials. Higher percent non-Hispanic White had higher odds of membership programs. Higher percent non-Hispanic White, other race, and Hispanic had higher odds of delivery/pick-up; higher MHHI had lower odds of delivery/pick-up. Higher percent non-Hispanic White had higher odds of pregnancy warnings. Higher percent <21 had lowers odds of health-risk warnings. Demographics were unrelated to minimum-age signage.
CONCLUSIONS
Given key findings (e.g., less regulation-related signage in racial/ethnic minority communities), cannabis retail could exacerbate disparities, underscoring the need for related regulatory and prevention efforts.
目的
本研究评估了邻里社会人口统计学因素对大麻零售商经营实践的差异，这可以为相关差异干预提供信息。
方法
多水平多变量逻辑回归分析了零售商所在的普查区人口统计学数据（<21 岁的百分比；非西班牙裔白人、黑人和其他种族、西班牙裔；家庭中位数收入[MHHI]）与 2022 年对 5 个美国城市/州（科罗拉多州丹佛市、华盛顿州西雅图市、俄勒冈州波特兰市、内华达州拉斯维加斯市、加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市）150 家随机选择的零售商的审计数据有关的营销（面向年轻人的标志、健康声明、外部广告、特价、会员计划、送货/取货）和监管合规（怀孕和健康风险警告标志、外部最低年龄标志）。
结果
20.7%的零售商有面向年轻人的标志，28.7%的零售商有健康声明标志，27.3%的零售商有外部广告，75.3%的零售商有特价，39.3%的零售商有会员计划，28.0%的零售商有送货/取货，72.0%的零售商有怀孕警告，38.0%的零售商有健康风险警告，64.0%的零售商有最低年龄标志。在<21 岁比例较高和非西班牙裔白人比例较高的地区，零售商设置面向年轻人的标志的可能性较低。较高的 MHHI 与健康声明的可能性增加有关；较高的西班牙裔比例与健康声明的可能性降低有关。较高的 MHHI 与外部广告的可能性降低有关。<21 岁比例较高与特价的可能性降低有关。较高的非西班牙裔白人比例与会员计划的可能性增加有关。较高的非西班牙裔白人、其他种族和西班牙裔比例与送货/取货的可能性增加有关；较高的 MHHI 与送货/取货的可能性降低有关。较高的非西班牙裔白人比例与怀孕警告的可能性增加有关。<21 岁比例较高与健康风险警告的可能性降低有关。人口统计学因素与最低年龄标志无关。
结论
鉴于关键发现（例如，少数族裔社区的监管相关标志较少），大麻零售可能会加剧差异，这突显了相关监管和预防工作的必要性。
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