Unité de Recherche Ressources Génétiques et Environnement (RGE), Département de Production et Santé Animales (DPSA), Institut Supérieur d'Enseignement Technologique (ISET) de Rosso, BP 56, Rosso, Mauritanie.
Office National de Recherche et du Développement de l'Elevage et du Pastoralisme (ONARDEP), Ministère de l'Elevage, BP 167, Nouakchott, Mauritanie.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Nov 6;56(8):373. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-04213-6.
Small ruminants play a significant role in Mauritanian culture and traditions. The purpose of this study was to characterize the breeding system of two locally dominant breeds, the Sahelian goat and the Ladem sheep. This characterization was based on the technical and socio-economic characteristics of the breeders, as well as the morpho-biometric features of the animals. The study was conducted between April and June 2019 and involved 45 breeders located around two small ruminant pilot farms in the Benichab and Kankoussa departments of Mauritania. A questionnaire was administered to the breeders and sixteen measurements were taken on 303 animals (185 goats and 118 sheep). Small ruminant breeding in the study sites is practiced by both men (55%) and women (45%). Breeding can be focused solely on goats (38%), solely on sheep (9%), or include both species (53%). The average herd size is 20 ± 15 for goats and 19 ± 16 for sheep. For the Sahel goat, the height at the wither ranges from 68 to 78 cm in males and from 63 to 76 cm in females, while the body weight ranges from 20 to 43 kg. The most common morphotypes are multicolored (71%), with unicolored animals being less common (29%). As for the Ladem sheep (also known as Touabire), the height at the wither ranges from 70 to 87 cm in males and from 64 to 85 cm in females. The body weight ranges from 25 to 62 kg. The coat is predominantly white with black spots (91%), sometimes red or grey-spotted. The survey also identified the breeding objectives of the farmers. The breeders primarily reported objectives of conformation and growth performances (68%), followed by dual-purpose milk/meat production traits (32%) for the Ladem sheep. In the case of the Sahelian goat, milk production (73%) is the predominant objective, followed by dual-purpose milk/meat production traits (27%). Based on the collected information, tailored selection schemes have been proposed for the Ladem sheep and the Sahelian goat to improve their performances, enhance their breeding, and maintain a focus on the sustainability and resilience of these two local breeds in Mauritania.
小型反刍动物在毛里塔尼亚文化和传统中扮演着重要的角色。本研究的目的是描述两种当地主要品种——萨赫勒山羊和拉代姆绵羊的繁殖系统。这种描述是基于饲养员的技术和社会经济特征以及动物的形态生物学特征。该研究于 2019 年 4 月至 6 月期间进行，涉及毛里塔尼亚贝尼恰布和坎库萨两个小型反刍动物试验农场周围的 45 名饲养员。对饲养员进行了问卷调查，并对 303 只动物（185 只山羊和 118 只绵羊）进行了 16 项测量。研究地点的小型反刍动物养殖由男性（55%）和女性（45%）共同进行。养殖可以仅专注于山羊（38%）、仅专注于绵羊（9%）或同时涵盖两种物种（53%）。平均畜群规模为山羊 20±15 只，绵羊 19±16 只。对于萨赫勒山羊，雄性的肩高范围为 68 至 78 厘米，雌性为 63 至 76 厘米，而体重范围为 20 至 43 公斤。最常见的形态类型是多色（71%），单色动物较少（29%）。至于拉代姆绵羊（也称为图阿布雷），雄性的肩高范围为 70 至 87 厘米，雌性为 64 至 85 厘米。体重范围为 25 至 62 公斤。羊毛主要是白色带黑斑（91%），有时为红色或灰色带黑斑。调查还确定了农民的繁殖目标。饲养员主要报告的目标是体型和生长性能（68%），其次是拉代姆绵羊的乳肉两用生产特性（32%）。对于萨赫勒山羊，产奶量（73%）是主要目标，其次是乳肉两用生产特性（27%）。根据收集到的信息，已经为拉代姆绵羊和萨赫勒山羊提出了有针对性的选择计划，以提高它们的性能，促进它们的繁殖，并关注这两个当地品种在毛里塔尼亚的可持续性和弹性。
