Huber Sandra, Michel Jörg, Reijnen Maurice, Averina Maria, Bolann Bjørn, Odland Jon Øyvind, Hansen Solrunn, Brox Jan
Department of Laboratory Medicine University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø NO-9038, Norway.
Perkin Elmer, Rodgau DE-63110, Germany.
J Anal Methods Chem. 2024 Aug 20;2024:9944995. doi: 10.1155/2024/9944995. eCollection 2024.
The analysis of toxic and essential elements in human matrices is used in clinical diagnostics and for biomonitoring of different populations to study related health outcomes. This work aimed to develop fast and reliable methods for the analysis of a broad range of elements in liquid human matrices, such as whole blood, serum, and urine, with a similar setup for the three matrices and different analysis needs. An easy and fast-forward dilute-and-shoot method for 33 elements (i.e., Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Te, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Zn, and Zr) was developed. 200 L of either sample material was diluted with an alkaline reagent to a volume of 4 mL in total. Sample dilution and preparation of matrix-matched calibration standards were performed in 48-well plates by an automated liquid handler. Diluted samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on a Perkin Elmer NexIon 300D ICP-MS instrument equipped with an ESI-FAST SC2DX autosampler in kinetic energy discrimination mode with helium as cell gas at either 4.8 mL or 5.7 mL and 1600 W RF generator power. The method validation results showed good accuracy for fresh human samples from an external quality assessment scheme with measured concentrations within the assigned concentration ranges. Good precision and reproducibility for most elements were demonstrated with variation coefficients below or far below 8% and 15% for whole blood, 8% and 10% for serum, and 10% and 10% for urine, respectively. The developed reagent and instrumental setup were applicable to all three matrices. This minimizes the risk of human errors when switching between analyses of the different sample matrices and allows a rapid and easy analysis of whole blood, serum, and urine within one day if needed. The method demonstrated robustness over time, withstanding minor changes in the preparation of working solutions and samples, instrumental analysis, and setup. Analysis of human real samples showed the method's applicability for 33 toxic and essential elements in whole blood, serum, and urine and at concentrations relevant to clinical diagnostics as well as biomonitoring.
人体样本中有毒和必需元素的分析用于临床诊断以及对不同人群进行生物监测，以研究相关健康结果。这项工作旨在开发快速且可靠的方法，用于分析人体液体样本（如全血、血清和尿液）中的多种元素，这三种样本的分析设置类似，但分析需求不同。开发了一种简便快速的直接稀释进样法，可测定33种元素（即银、铝、砷、硼、钡、铍、铋、镉、铈、钴、铬、铜、汞、碘、锂、锰、钼、镍、铅、钯、铂、锑、硒、锡、锶、碲、钍、铊、铀、钒、钨、锌和锆）。将200 μL的任何一种样本材料用碱性试剂稀释至总体积为4 mL。样本稀释和基质匹配校准标准品的制备在48孔板中通过自动液体处理仪进行。稀释后的样本通过配备ESI-FAST SC2DX自动进样器的珀金埃尔默NexIon 300D电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行分析，采用动能歧视模式，以氦气作为碰撞气，流速为4.8 mL或5.7 mL，射频发生器功率为1600 W。方法验证结果表明，对于来自外部质量评估计划的新鲜人体样本，测量浓度在指定浓度范围内，准确性良好。大多数元素表现出良好的精密度和重现性，全血的变异系数分别低于或远低于8%和15%，血清为8%和10%，尿液为10%和10%。所开发的试剂和仪器设置适用于所有三种样本。这最大限度地降低了在不同样本基质分析之间切换时人为错误的风险，并允许在需要时在一天内对全血、血清和尿液进行快速简便的分析。该方法长期以来表现出稳健性，能够承受工作溶液和样本制备、仪器分析及设置方面的微小变化。对人体实际样本的分析表明，该方法适用于全血、血清和尿液中33种有毒和必需元素的分析，且适用于与临床诊断以及生物监测相关的浓度范围。
