Mittal Himani, Rawat Vikram S, Tripathi Ravikesh, Gupta Ravi
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2024 Sep;66(9):846-852. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_25_24. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Chronic insomnia, affecting 15.9% of the population, is characterized by sustained hyperarousal and heightened somatic, cognitive, and cortical activity. Despite its prevalence, the precise impact of chronic insomnia on cognitive domains, particularly attention, working memory, and executive function, remains inadequately understood.
This study aims to systematically investigate the cognitive functioning of adults with chronic insomnia
A meticulously matched cohort of 80 participants, comprising 40 with chronic insomnia and 40 controls, participated in this cross-sectional study. The diagnosis followed strict criteria outlined in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3. Neuropsychological assessments, including the Digit Span Test, Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test, were employed to scrutinize attention, working memory, and executive function. Robust metrics, such as the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), supported the investigative approach.
Analysis revealed notable deficits in backward digit span, digit symbol substitution test, and Stroop Test (cards B and C) among chronic insomnia subjects compared to non-insomniac counterparts. Trail Making Test B indicated prolonged completion times in the chronic insomnia cohort. Despite comparable levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, the chronic insomnia group exhibited higher ISI and PSQI scores, indicating the severity of their sleep disturbances
This cross-sectional analysis reveals cognitive deficits associated with chronic insomnia, specifically impacting attention, working memory, and executive function. Even with meticulous demographic controls, chronic insomnia leaves a discernible impact on cognitive functions. The study underscores the need for precise cognitive evaluations to reveal the latent impact of chronic insomnia, offering insights for targeted interventions.
慢性失眠影响着15.9%的人口，其特征为持续的过度觉醒以及躯体、认知和皮层活动增强。尽管其患病率较高，但慢性失眠对认知领域，尤其是注意力、工作记忆和执行功能的确切影响仍未得到充分理解。
本研究旨在系统调查患有慢性失眠的成年人的认知功能。
一项精心匹配的队列研究，80名参与者包括40名慢性失眠患者和40名对照者，参与了这项横断面研究。诊断遵循《国际睡眠障碍分类-3》中概述的严格标准。采用包括数字广度测试、斯特鲁普测试和连线测试在内的神经心理学评估来仔细检查注意力、工作记忆和执行功能。诸如失眠严重程度指数（ISI）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、广泛性焦虑障碍-7（GAD-7）和患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）等可靠指标支持了该研究方法。
分析显示，与非失眠对照组相比，慢性失眠受试者在倒背数字广度、数字符号替换测试和斯特鲁普测试（卡片B和C）中存在明显缺陷。连线测试B表明慢性失眠队列的完成时间延长。尽管焦虑和抑郁症状水平相当，但慢性失眠组的ISI和PSQI得分更高，表明其睡眠障碍的严重程度。
这项横断面分析揭示了与慢性失眠相关的认知缺陷，特别是对注意力、工作记忆和执行功能的影响。即使进行了细致的人口统计学控制，慢性失眠对认知功能仍有明显影响。该研究强调需要进行精确的认知评估，以揭示慢性失眠的潜在影响，为针对性干预提供见解。
