Yang Guotao, Wang Qin, Zhang Guohao, Jiang Chunyan, Ma Peng, Hu Yungao
College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Oct 22;11:1462689. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1462689. eCollection 2024.
The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is an important factors affecting the quality of rice, and different nitrogen-efficient rice varieties show significant differences in their response to nitrogen and phosphorus application.
In this experiment, a low-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Deyou 4727) and a high-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Jingyou 781) were selected, and the changes in rice quality and differences in starch structure under nitrogen-phosphorus interaction treatments were determined.
Appearance, flavor, starch content and thermodynamic properties, endosperm cell arrangement, and starch granule morphology and size were significantly influenced by variety, nitrogen-phosphorus interactions, and their interaction effects. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on quality was greater than that of phosphorus fertilizer. The whiteness and chalkiness rates of Deyou 4727 first decreased and then increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, wheras the appearance quality of Jingyou 781 increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. Starch crystallinity in Deyou 4727 first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, whereas starch crystallinity in Jingyou 781 increased continuously with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. The application of phosphorus fertilizer led to an increase in starch crystallinity in both nitrogen-efficient rice varieties, consistent with the response of different rice varieties to nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of appearance and chalkiness. With the increasing application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, the differences in the physicochemical properties and structure of starch became more significant.
High-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can significantly improve appearance quality under high nitrogen conditions, and the interactions of medium-high nitrogen and low-medium phosphorus can lead to a significant decrease in starch thermal parameters and retention rate, thus improving rice cooking quality. Low-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can also improve the quality of rice under low-medium-nitrogen conditions with appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer.
氮磷肥的施用是影响水稻品质的重要因素，不同氮高效水稻品种对氮磷肥施用的反应存在显著差异。
本试验选取了一个低氮高效品种（德优4727）和一个高氮高效品种（晶优781），测定了氮磷交互处理下水稻品质的变化及淀粉结构的差异。
品种、氮磷交互作用及其互作效应显著影响水稻的外观、风味、淀粉含量和热力学性质、胚乳细胞排列以及淀粉颗粒形态和大小。氮肥对品质的影响大于磷肥。德优4727的白度和垩白率随氮肥施用量增加先降低后升高，而晶优781的外观品质随氮肥施用量增加而提高。德优4727的淀粉结晶度随氮肥施用量增加先升高后降低，而晶优781的淀粉结晶度随氮肥施用量增加持续升高。磷肥的施用导致两个氮高效水稻品种的淀粉结晶度均增加，这与不同水稻品种在外观和垩白方面对氮磷的反应一致。随着氮磷肥施用量的增加，淀粉理化性质和结构的差异变得更加显著。
高氮高效水稻品种在高氮条件下可显著提高外观品质，中高氮与低中磷的交互作用可导致淀粉热参数和保留率显著降低，从而改善水稻蒸煮品质。低氮高效水稻品种在低中氮条件下适当施用磷肥也可改善水稻品质。
