Jia Bojing B, Sun Bryan K, Lee Ernest Y, Ren Bing
Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
J Invest Dermatol. 2025 May;145(5):1017-1032. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.09.006. Epub 2024 Nov 5.
Molecular pathology, such as high-throughput genomic and proteomic profiling, identifies precise disease targets from biopsies but require tissue dissociation, losing valuable histologic and spatial context. Emerging spatial multi-omic technologies now enable multiplexed visualization of genomic, proteomic, and epigenomic targets within a single tissue slice, eliminating the need for labeling multiple adjacent slices. Although early work focused on RNA (spatial transcriptomics), spatial technologies can now concurrently capture DNA, genome accessibility, histone modifications, and proteins with spatially-resolved single-cell resolution. This review outlines the principles, advantages, limitations, and potential for spatial technologies to advance dermatologic research. By jointly profiling multiple molecular channels, spatial multiomics enables novel studies of copy number variations, clonal heterogeneity, and enhancer dysregulation, replete with spatial context, illuminating the skin's complex heterogeneity.
分子病理学，如高通量基因组和蛋白质组分析，可从活检样本中识别出精确的疾病靶点，但需要进行组织解离，从而失去了宝贵的组织学和空间背景信息。新兴的空间多组学技术现在能够在单个组织切片内对基因组、蛋白质组和表观基因组靶点进行多重可视化，无需标记多个相邻切片。尽管早期工作主要集中在RNA（空间转录组学），但空间技术现在可以同时以空间分辨的单细胞分辨率捕获DNA、基因组可及性、组蛋白修饰和蛋白质。本综述概述了空间技术推进皮肤病学研究的原理、优势、局限性和潜力。通过联合分析多个分子通道，空间多组学能够在空间背景下对拷贝数变异、克隆异质性和增强子失调进行新的研究，阐明皮肤复杂的异质性。
