性别差异与 COVID-19 期间的精神困扰：日本的一项横断面研究。

Gender differences and mental distress during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Japan.

机构信息

Department of Clinical Data Science, Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.

Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

出版信息

BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 6;24(1):776. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06200-5.

DOI:10.1186/s12888-024-06200-5

PMID:39506718

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11539831/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

To identify risk factors for mental distress and investigate whether the factors were different between men and women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), using KOKOROBO data, which is an online platform that aims to facilitate access to mental health services.

METHODS

We used baseline data on KOKOROBO users 13 years of age or older in Japan who accessed it from October 11, 2021, to April 6, 2023, excluding those receiving treatment for mental health problems. Global severity, based on the most severe measure on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression with baseline characteristics for each gender, and for under 30 and 30 years of age or older in women. We conducted the same analysis of suicidal ideation for each gender.

RESULTS

In the 686 men and 1274 women, 117 (17.1%) and 100 (7.8%) had minimal global severity respectively, and the rest suffered from mental distress to some extent. For women, ages under 30 years (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.352, 95%CI: 0.231-0.539, P < 0.001), marriage (aOR: 0.453, 95%CI: 0.274-0.746, P = 0.002), and concerns about COVID-19 infection were associated with global severity, while having children (aOR: 0.509, 95% CI: 0.284-0.909, P = 0.023) and decrease of going out during the COVID-19 pandemic had a protective effect on global severity and suicidal ideation for men, respectively. Living with family was a risk factor for mental distress in unmarried women over 30 years of age. Less communication with family or others and responding to the questionnaire late at night (00:00-05:59) were associated with severe global severity in both genders.

CONCLUSIONS

Age, living arrangement, marriage, having children, concerns about COVID-19 infection, and lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic had gender-specific effects on mental distress, while frequent communication and regular life rhythm maintained mental health in both genders. Young women and, unmarried middle-aged women living with their families tended to experience mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The Ethics Committee of the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry approved this study (approval number B2020141) on April 15, 2021.

摘要

背景

为了确定与 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）相关的精神困扰的风险因素，并探讨这些因素在男性和女性之间是否存在差异，我们利用了 KOKOROBO 数据，这是一个旨在促进获得精神卫生服务的在线平台。

方法

我们使用了 2021 年 10 月 11 日至 2023 年 4 月 6 日期间在日本使用 KOKOROBO 的年龄在 13 岁及以上、且未接受精神健康问题治疗的用户的基线数据。采用多变量逻辑回归，根据最严重的患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑障碍-7（GAD-7）和失眠严重程度指数（ISI）的测量结果，对每个性别以及女性中年龄在 30 岁以下和 30 岁或以上的人群的基线特征进行了全球严重程度分析。我们对每个性别中的自杀意念也进行了相同的分析。

结果

在 686 名男性和 1274 名女性中，分别有 117 名（17.1%）和 100 名（7.8%）患者的全球严重程度为轻度，其余患者均在不同程度上存在精神困扰。对于女性，30 岁以下（调整后的比值比（aOR）：0.352，95%置信区间（CI）：0.231-0.539，P<0.001）、已婚（aOR：0.453，95%CI：0.274-0.746，P=0.002）和对 COVID-19 感染的担忧与全球严重程度相关，而有子女（aOR：0.509，95%CI：0.284-0.909，P=0.023）和 COVID-19 大流行期间减少外出对男性的全球严重程度和自杀意念具有保护作用。对于 30 岁以上未婚女性来说，与家人同住是精神困扰的一个危险因素。与家人或其他人的沟通较少以及在深夜（00:00-05:59）回答问卷与两性的严重全球严重程度有关。