Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain.
BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 24;10(11):e044617. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044617.
Lockdown has impacts on people's living conditions and mental health. The study aims to assess the relations between social impact and mental health among adults living in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown measures, taking a gender-based approach into account.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults living in Spain during the lockdown of COVID-19 with an online survey from 8 April to 28 May 2020. The main variable was mental health measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale for anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Sex-stratified multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between social impact variables, anxiety and depression.
A total of 7053 people completed this survey. A total of 31.2% of women and 17.7% of men reported anxiety. Depression levels were reported in 28.5% of women and 16.7% of men. A higher proportion of anxiety and depression levels was found in the younger population (18-35 years), especially in women. Poorer mental health was mainly related to fear of COVID-19 infection, with higher anxiety levels especially in women (adjusted ordinal OR (aOR): 4.23, 95% CI 3.68 to 4.87) and worsened economy with higher levels of depression in women (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.84), and perceived inadequate housing to cope with lockdown was especially associated with anxiety in men (aOR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.93 to 3.44).
The social impact of the lockdown is related to gender, age and socioeconomic conditions. Women and young people had worse mental health outcomes during lockdown. It is urgent to establish strategies for public health emergencies that include mental health and its determinants, taking a gender-based approach into account, in order to reduce health inequities.
封锁对人们的生活条件和心理健康产生影响。本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 封锁期间居住在西班牙的成年人的社会影响与心理健康之间的关系，同时考虑到性别因素。
设计、环境和参与者：我们在 COVID-19 封锁期间对居住在西班牙的成年人进行了一项横断面研究，采用在线调查的方式，调查时间为 2020 年 4 月 8 日至 5 月 28 日。主要变量是通过广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）和患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）测量的心理健康。构建了性别分层多变量有序逻辑回归模型，以评估社会影响变量与焦虑和抑郁之间的关联。
共有 7053 人完成了这项调查。报告焦虑的女性比例为 31.2%，男性比例为 17.7%。报告抑郁的女性比例为 28.5%，男性比例为 16.7%。年轻人群（18-35 岁）的焦虑和抑郁水平比例更高，尤其是女性。较差的心理健康主要与对 COVID-19 感染的恐惧有关，女性的焦虑水平更高（调整后的有序比值比（aOR）：4.23，95%置信区间 3.68 至 4.87），经济恶化与女性抑郁水平升高有关（aOR：1.51，95%置信区间 1.24 至 1.84），以及认为住房不足以应对封锁与男性的焦虑特别相关（aOR：2.53，95%置信区间 1.93 至 3.44）。
封锁的社会影响与性别、年龄和社会经济条件有关。女性和年轻人在封锁期间的心理健康状况更差。迫切需要制定公共卫生应急策略，包括心理健康及其决定因素，并考虑到性别因素，以减少健康不平等。
