Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Unilever R&D Colworth Science Part, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK.
Alzheimers Res Ther. 2024 Nov 6;16(1):245. doi: 10.1186/s13195-024-01611-8.
Facial aging, cognitive impairment, and dementia are all age-related conditions. However, the temporal relation between facial age and future risk of dementia was not systematically examined.
To investigate the relationship between facial age (both subjective/perceived and objective) and cognitive impairment and/or dementia risk.
The study included 195,329 participants (age ≥ 60 y) from the UK Biobank (UKB) with self-perceived facial age and 612 participants from the Nutrition and Health of Aging Population in China Project (NHAPC) study (age ≥ 56 y) with objective assessment of facial age. Cox proportional hazards model was used to prospectively examine the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of self-perceived facial age and dementia risk in the UKB, adjusting for age, sex, education, APOE ε4 allele, and other potential confounders. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to examine the cross-sectional association between facial age (perceived and objective) and cognitive impairment in the UKB and NHAPC, with potential confounders adjusted.
During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 5659 dementia cases were identified in the UKB. The fully-adjusted HRs comparing high vs. low perceived facial age were 1.61 (95% CI, 1.33 ~ 1.96) for dementia (P-trend ≤ 0.001). Subjective facial age and cognitive impairment was also observed in the UKB. In the NHAPC, facial age, as assessed by three objective wrinkle parameters, was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (P-trend < 0.05). Specifically, the fully-adjusted OR for cognitive impairment comparing the highest versus the lowest quartiles of crow's feet wrinkles number was 2.48 (95% CI, 1.06 ~ 5.78).
High facial age was associated with cognitive impairment, dementia and its subtypes after adjusting for conventional risk factors for dementia. Facial aging may be an indicator of cognitive decline and dementia risk in older adults, which can aid in the early diagnosis and management of age-related conditions.
面部衰老、认知障碍和痴呆都是与年龄相关的疾病。然而，面部年龄与未来痴呆风险之间的时间关系尚未得到系统研究。
探讨面部年龄（主观/自我感知和客观）与认知障碍和/或痴呆风险之间的关系。
该研究纳入了来自英国生物库（UKB）的 195329 名年龄≥60 岁的参与者（自我感知面部年龄）和来自中国营养与老龄化人口研究（NHAPC）的 612 名年龄≥56 岁的参与者（客观评估面部年龄）。使用 Cox 比例风险模型前瞻性地研究了 UKB 中自我感知面部年龄与痴呆风险的风险比（HR）及其 95%置信区间（CI），调整了年龄、性别、教育程度、APOE ε4 等位基因和其他潜在混杂因素。进行线性和逻辑回归，以调整潜在混杂因素后，在 UKB 和 NHAPC 中研究面部年龄（自我感知和客观）与认知障碍之间的横断面关联。
在中位随访 12.3 年期间，UKB 中确定了 5659 例痴呆病例。与低自我感知面部年龄相比，高自我感知面部年龄的完全调整 HR 为 1.61（95%CI，1.331.96），P 趋势值≤0.001。UKB 中也观察到了主观面部年龄和认知障碍。在 NHAPC 中，通过三个客观皱纹参数评估的面部年龄与认知障碍的发生几率较高相关（P 趋势值＜0.05）。具体来说，与最高与最低四分之一组相比，鱼尾纹数量最高与认知障碍的完全调整比值比为 2.48（95%CI，1.065.78）。
在调整痴呆的常规危险因素后，高面部年龄与认知障碍、痴呆及其亚型有关。面部衰老可能是老年人认知能力下降和痴呆风险的指标，有助于早期诊断和管理与年龄相关的疾病。
