Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Unilever Research and Development, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK.
Br J Dermatol. 2023 Feb 22;188(3):390-395. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljac100.
Looking older for one's chronological age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Yet it remains unclear how perceived facial age relates to morbidity and the degree to which facial ageing reflects systemic ageing of the human body.
To investigate the association between ΔPA and age-related morbidities of different organ systems, where ΔPA represents the difference between perceived age (PA) and chronological age.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands. High-resolution facial photographs of 2679 men and women aged 51.5-87.8 years of European descent were used to assess PA. PA was estimated and scored in 5-year categories using these photographs by a panel of men and women who were blinded for chronological age and medical history. A linear mixed model was used to generate the mean PAs. The difference between the mean PA and chronological age was calculated (ΔPA), where a higher (positive) ΔPA means that the person looks younger for their age and a lower (negative) ΔPA that the person looks older. ΔPA was tested as a continuous variable for association with ageing-related morbidities including cardiovascular, pulmonary, ophthalmological, neurocognitive, renal, skeletal and auditory morbidities in separate regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex (model 1) and additionally for body mass index, smoking and sun exposure (model 2).
We observed 5-year higher ΔPA (i.e. looking younger by 5 years for one's age) to be associated with less osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.93], less chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.95), less age-related hearing loss (model 2; B = -0.76, 95% CI -1.35 to -0.17) and fewer cataracts (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97), but with better global cognitive functioning (g-factor; model 2; B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.10).
PA is associated with multiple morbidities and better cognitive function, suggesting that systemic ageing and cognitive ageing are, to an extent, externally visible in the human face.
看起来比实际年龄更老与更高的死亡率有关。然而，目前尚不清楚感知年龄与发病率的关系，以及面部衰老在多大程度上反映了人体的系统性衰老。
研究 ΔPA 与不同器官系统年龄相关疾病的关系，其中 ΔPA 代表感知年龄（PA）与实际年龄的差异。
我们对荷兰鹿特丹研究（一项基于人群的队列研究）的数据进行了横断面分析。研究使用了 2679 名欧洲裔 51.5-87.8 岁的男性和女性的高分辨率面部照片来评估 PA。通过一组对实际年龄和病史一无所知的男性和女性，使用这些照片对 PA 进行了 5 年分类的评估和评分。使用线性混合模型生成平均 PA。计算平均 PA 与实际年龄之间的差异（ΔPA），其中较高的（正值）ΔPA 表示一个人看起来比实际年龄年轻，而较低的（负值）ΔPA 表示一个人看起来比实际年龄更老。在单独的回归分析中，ΔPA 作为一个连续变量来测试与年龄相关的疾病的关系，包括心血管、肺部、眼科、神经认知、肾脏、骨骼和听觉疾病，调整了年龄和性别（模型 1），并进一步调整了体重指数、吸烟和阳光暴露（模型 2）。
我们发现，每增加 5 岁的 ΔPA（即一个人的年龄看起来年轻 5 岁）与骨质疏松症减少有关[比值比（OR）0.76，95%置信区间（CI）0.62-0.93]、慢性阻塞性肺疾病减少（OR 0.85，95%CI 0.77-0.95）、年龄相关性听力损失减少（模型 2；B=-0.76，95%CI-1.35 至-0.17）和白内障减少（OR 0.84，95%CI 0.73-0.97），但认知功能总体表现更好（g 因子；模型 2；B=0.07，95%CI 0.04-0.10）。
PA 与多种疾病和更好的认知功能有关，这表明系统性衰老和认知衰老在一定程度上可以从人的面部观察到。
