Lu Mu-Long, Yuan Guo-Hong, Rehemujiang Halidai, Li Chang-Chang, Hu Li-Hong, Duan Ping-Ping, Zhang Li-Dong, Diao Qi-Yu, Deng Kai-Dong, Xu Gui-Shan
College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Key Laboratory of Livestock and Forage Resources Utilization around Tarim, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tarim University, Alar, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Oct 23;15:1425218. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1425218. eCollection 2024.
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Pleurotus Spent Mushroom Substrate (P.SMS) on the rumen microbiota, encompassing bacteria and fungi, as well as their interactions in Hu sheep.
A total of forty-five 3-month-old Hu sheep were randomly assigned to five groups. Each group was fed diets in which whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) was substituted with P.SMS at varying levels: 0% (CON), 5% (PSMS5), 10% (PSMS10), 15% (PSMS15), or 20% (PSMS20).
The results indicated that higher proportions of P.SMS during the experimental period might have a detrimental effect on feed utilization efficiency, kidney function, and blood oxygen-carrying capacity. Notably, moderate levels of P.SMS, specifically below 15%, were associated with improvements in rumen NH-N levels and absorption capacity. The results indicated that (1) PSMS20 exhibited a significantly higher feed-to-gain ratio compared to CON ( < 0.05); (2) PSMS15 showed a significantly higher NH-N content than CON, PSMS5, and PSMS20. Additionally, PSMS10 and PSMS20 had elevated concentrations of NH-N compared to CON and PSMS5 ( < 0.05); (3) The length and width of rumen papillae were significantly greater in PSMS20 compared to CON and PSMS5 ( < 0.05); (4) Creatinine levels were significantly higher in PSMS20 than in CON, PSMS5, and PSMS10 ( < 0.05); (5) By the conclusion of the experiment, hemoglobin concentration in PSMS20 showed a significant increase compared to CON ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the addition of P.SMS influenced microorganisms at both the phylum and genus levels: (1) At the phylum level, the prevalence of was significantly lower in PSMS20 compared to the other groups; (2) PSMS15 exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of compared to CON and PSMS10, while PSMS20 also demonstrated significantly higher relative abundances compared to CON ( < 0.05); (3) At the genus level, the prevalence of in PSMS20 was significantly lower than in PSMS5, PSMS10, and PSMS15. Conversely, the prevalence of in PSMS15 was notably higher than in CON and PSMS10, and it was also significantly elevated in PSMS20 compared to CON ( < 0.05); (4) Correlation analysis indicated no significant correlation between changes in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities.
Considering these findings, a high percentage of P.SMS negatively impacted feed utilization efficiency, blood oxygen carrying capacity, and kidney function, while a moderate percentage of P.SMS promotes rumen absorption capacity, indicating that feeding 10% P.SMS is optimal.
本研究旨在评估平菇菌糠（P.SMS）对湖羊瘤胃微生物群（包括细菌和真菌）及其相互作用的影响。
将45只3月龄湖羊随机分为五组。每组饲喂用不同水平的P.SMS替代全株玉米青贮（WPCS）的日粮：0%（对照组）、5%（PSMS5）、10%（PSMS10）、15%（PSMS15）或20%（PSMS20）。
结果表明，实验期间较高比例的P.SMS可能对饲料利用效率、肾功能和血液携氧能力产生不利影响。值得注意的是，中等水平的P.SMS，特别是低于15%，与瘤胃NH-N水平和吸收能力的改善有关。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比，PSMS20的料重比显著更高（<0.05）；（2）PSMS15的NH-N含量显著高于对照组、PSMS5和PSMS20。此外，与对照组和PSMS5相比，PSMS10和PSMS20的NH-N浓度升高（<0.05）；（3）与对照组和PSMS5相比，PSMS20的瘤胃乳头长度和宽度显著更大（<0.05）；（4）PSMS20的肌酐水平显著高于对照组、PSMS5和PSMS10（<0.05）；（5）实验结束时，与对照组相比，PSMS20的血红蛋白浓度显著增加（<0.05）。此外，添加P.SMS影响了门和属水平的微生物：（1）在门水平上，与其他组相比，PSMS20中 的流行率显著较低；（2）与对照组和PSMS10相比，PSMS15的 相对丰度显著更高，而与对照组相比，PSMS20的相对丰度也显著更高（<0.05）；（3）在属水平上，PSMS20中 的流行率显著低于PSMS5、PSMS10和PSMS15。相反，PSMS15中 的流行率显著高于对照组和PSMS10，与对照组相比，PSMS20中的流行率也显著升高（<0.05）；（4）相关性分析表明细菌和真菌群落结构的变化之间没有显著相关性。
考虑到这些发现，高比例的P.SMS对饲料利用效率、血液携氧能力和肾功能产生负面影响，而中等比例的P.SMS促进瘤胃吸收能力，表明饲喂10%的P.SMS是最佳的。
