Jakupov Isatay, Wehrend Axel, Abultdinova Aida, Mamytbekova Gulnur, Zharkimbaeva Zhanargul, Zabrodin Albert
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Technology of Animal Husbandry, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Vet World. 2024 Sep;17(9):2028-2035. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.2028-2035. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
Postpartum uterine disease, such as endometritis, is widespread in highly productive dairy cows, leading to fertility problems and economic losses. Despite existing diagnostic methods, early and effective detection of uterine infections remains problematic due to the subclinical nature of some conditions. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a rapid diagnostic test for endometritis in cows on different days postpartum (PP).
The study was carried out on dairy Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 121) kept on farms in northern Kazakhstan. The study included both clinically normal cows and those diagnosed with endometritis, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic methods across different stages of uterine health. The following laboratory tests were performed to diagnose and evaluate the presence and severity of endometritis in the cows: Nagorny-Kalinovsky test, Whiteside test, Katerinov test, Gavrish silver nitrate test, peroxide test, and clinical tests (rectal and vaginal examination). These tests were specifically chosen to identify inflammatory processes in the uterus, particularly focusing on detecting endometritis.
From day 21 to 30 PP, rectal and vaginal examinations were 32% and 28% more effective than the Nagorny-Kalinovsky test and the Whiteside test. From day 61 postpartum, the Whiteside test was 37.5% more effective than the Nagorny-Kalinovsky test. Comparatively, among laboratory diagnostic methods from days 10 to 110 PP, the peroxide test showed the greatest effectiveness in identifying 80.9% of sick animals. In sick animals from day 10 to 20 PP, during the interaction of the cervicovaginal mucus with 10%, 20%, and 30% hydrogen peroxide (HO), an 8.1 ± 1.9-8.8 ± 1.6 cm foam column was formed within 4-5 min.
The experiment showed that a 10% HO solution yielded better results. Using HO as a diagnostic agent for endometritis in cows has several advantages, including ease of use, it does not require special laboratory conditions and provides a visual reading of the reaction within 4-5 min. A limitation of this study is the focus on HO without exploring other potential reagents that may enhance diagnostic accuracy. Future research could explore the long-term stability of cervicovaginal mucus samples and investigate the integration of additional substances that may expedite the detection of subclinical endometritis and improve the clarity of diagnostic results.
产后子宫疾病，如子宫内膜炎，在高产奶牛中普遍存在，会导致繁殖问题和经济损失。尽管现有诊断方法，但由于某些情况的亚临床性质，子宫感染的早期有效检测仍然存在问题。本研究旨在开发并评估一种针对产后不同天数奶牛子宫内膜炎的快速诊断测试。
该研究在哈萨克斯坦北部农场饲养的荷斯坦-弗里生奶牛（n = 121）上进行。研究包括临床正常的奶牛和被诊断为子宫内膜炎的奶牛，以确保对子宫健康不同阶段的诊断方法进行全面评估。进行了以下实验室测试以诊断和评估奶牛子宫内膜炎的存在和严重程度：纳戈尔尼-卡里诺夫斯基试验、怀特赛德试验、卡特里诺夫试验、加夫里什硝酸银试验、过氧化物试验以及临床检查（直肠和阴道检查）。这些测试经过特别挑选，以识别子宫中的炎症过程，尤其侧重于检测子宫内膜炎。
产后第21天至第30天，直肠和阴道检查比纳戈尔尼-卡里诺夫斯基试验和怀特赛德试验分别有效32%和28%。产后第61天起，怀特赛德试验比纳戈尔尼-卡里诺夫斯基试验有效37.5%。相比之下，在产后第10天至第110天的实验室诊断方法中，过氧化物试验在识别80.9%的患病动物方面显示出最大的有效性。在产后第10天至第20天的患病动物中，当宫颈阴道黏液与10%、20%和30%的过氧化氢（HO）相互作用时，在4 - 5分钟内形成了8.1 ± 1.9 - 8.8 ± 1.6厘米的泡沫柱。
实验表明10%的HO溶液产生了更好的结果。使用HO作为奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊断剂有几个优点，包括使用方便，不需要特殊的实验室条件，并且在4 - 5分钟内即可直观读取反应结果。本研究的一个局限性是专注于HO，而未探索其他可能提高诊断准确性的潜在试剂。未来的研究可以探索宫颈阴道黏液样本的长期稳定性，并研究可能加快亚临床子宫内膜炎检测并提高诊断结果清晰度的其他物质的整合情况。
