University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention, Salzburg, Austria.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Nov;34(11):e14756. doi: 10.1111/sms.14756.
Consumer-grade optical heart rate (HR) sensors emerged as promising tools to monitor volume and intensity of physical activity (PA). However, no validation study of optical HR sensors included recent comprehensive validation recommendations, required for facilitating usage for medical purposes. Validity of HR data measured with four consumer-grade optical sensors, the wrist-worn Garmin Venu 2S and Polar Vantage M2, and the upper arm-worn Polar Verity Sense and Scosche Rhythm24 were assessed in 32 participants over 24 h including various laboratory-based and free-living activities. Furthermore, validity of time at moderate or vigorous PA intensity zones was analyzed. A medical-grade ECG served as a reference. Reliability was assessed by analyzing data of laboratory-based activities during two visits. Across activities, the mean absolute percentage error ranged from 2.2% to 4.7% and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, indicating high validity for all optical sensors. All sensors validly detected time spent at moderate or vigorous intensities (mean error < 10%), except Polar M2 for moderate PA (mean error 12.8%) and Garmin V2 for vigorous PA (mean error -15.9%). Sensor day-to-day reliability was high, indicated by a mean absolute error of < 5 beats/min. Upper arm-worn sensors consistently outperformed wrist-worn sensors, particularly in activities involving increased arm movement and at higher intensities. Our findings identified an overall high validity of these four consumer-grade optical HR sensors, also for assessing time spent at higher PA intensities. However, differences were observed between sensors regarding activity subtypes and intensity levels. These data support informed decisions when selecting optical sensors for PA monitoring and intervention. Trial Registration: The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its current amendments and was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT05525000).
消费级光学心率 (HR) 传感器已成为监测身体活动 (PA) 量和强度的有前途的工具。然而，没有一项光学 HR 传感器的验证研究包括最近的全面验证建议，这对于促进其在医学上的使用是必要的。本研究在 32 名参与者中评估了四种消费级光学传感器（腕戴式 Garmin Venu 2S 和 Polar Vantage M2，以及臂戴式 Polar Verity Sense 和 Scosche Rhythm24）的 HR 数据的有效性，包括各种实验室和自由生活活动。此外，还分析了中等或剧烈 PA 强度区域的时间有效性。医疗级心电图作为参考。通过分析两次访问期间的实验室活动数据来评估可靠性。在所有活动中，平均绝对百分比误差范围为 2.2%至 4.7%，组内相关系数范围为 0.91 至 0.98，表明所有光学传感器的有效性均很高。所有传感器均有效检测到中等或剧烈强度的时间（平均误差 <10%），除了 Polar M2 对中等 PA（平均误差 12.8%）和 Garmin V2 对剧烈 PA（平均误差 -15.9%）的检测无效。传感器的日常可靠性很高，平均绝对误差<5 次/分钟。臂戴式传感器的表现始终优于腕戴式传感器，尤其是在涉及手臂运动增加和强度较高的活动中。我们的研究结果表明，这四种消费级光学 HR 传感器的整体有效性很高，也可用于评估更高 PA 强度的时间。然而，传感器之间在活动类型和强度水平方面存在差异。这些数据支持在选择用于 PA 监测和干预的光学传感器时做出明智的决策。试验注册：该研究符合赫尔辛基宣言及其当前修正案的规定，并在 ClinicalTrials.gov（ID NCT05525000）上进行了前瞻性注册。
