Yohannes Mitiku, Kechero Yisehak, Tadele Yilkal
Department of Animal Sciences, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Vet Med Int. 2024 Oct 30;2024:4427876. doi: 10.1155/2024/4427876. eCollection 2024.
Fruit and vegetable producers were creating a large amount of waste in homes, cafeterias, and agroprocessing units. The majority of this waste is composted and disposed in landfills and waterways. Recycling these wastes as animal feedstuffs will lessen food-feed competition and minimize environmental hazards. This study was carried out in the Gamo zone of southern Ethiopia, in the heart of the southern rift valley, to ascertain the nutritional profiles of fruit and vegetable by-products in relation to livestock feed potentials. All fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) samples were collected from homes, marketing facilities, restaurants, and waste disposal facilities. Proximate, detergent fiber component, minerals, and antinutritional factors were among the analyses performed on the collected samples. The results showed that, highest CP values recorded from banana leaf, 15.8 ± 0.8 (%DM) followed by avocado peel (14 ± 0.8) among fruit by-products and that of highest values of vegetable components were obtained from strip (20.6 ± 1.25) sweet potato (18.5 ± 1.55), respectively. The highest ME (MJ/kg DM) contents obtained from avocado and mango by-products among fruit wastes, while that of highest values recorded for cassava and potato peel (12.2 ± 0.4) and (11.3 ± 0.1) among vegetable components, respectively. The antinutrients included in FVW, namely, tannin, oxalate, and phytate, did not exceed the maximum permissible level for animal needs, which is less than 5% of DM. The macro- and micromineral profiles of these by-products also show encouraging results that contribute to maintaining the mineral needs of farm animals. FVW can be a viable and alternative source of supplemental feed for farm animals that primarily rely on low-quality natural pasture and crop residues, and can partially replace more expensive feedstuffs and their efficient reuse would minimize environmental impacts associated with the disposal of such wastes.
水果和蔬菜生产者在家庭、食堂及农产品加工单位产生了大量废弃物。这些废弃物大多被堆肥处理并丢弃在垃圾填埋场和水道中。将这些废弃物回收用作动物饲料可减少食物与饲料的竞争，并将环境危害降至最低。本研究在埃塞俄比亚南部裂谷中心地带的加莫地区开展，以确定水果和蔬菜副产品的营养成分及其作为家畜饲料的潜力。所有水果和蔬菜废弃物（FVW）样本均采集自家庭、市场设施、餐馆及废弃物处理设施。对采集的样本进行了常规成分、洗涤剂纤维成分、矿物质及抗营养因子等分析。结果显示，水果副产品中香蕉叶的粗蛋白（CP）含量最高，为15.8±0.8（%干物质），其次是鳄梨皮（14±0.8）；蔬菜成分中含量最高的分别是红薯茎（20.6±1.25）和红薯（18.5±1.55）。水果废弃物中鳄梨和芒果副产品的代谢能（ME，兆焦/千克干物质）含量最高，而蔬菜成分中木薯和马铃薯皮的含量最高，分别为12.2±0.4和11.3±0.1。FVW中的抗营养物质，即单宁、草酸盐和植酸盐，未超过动物需求的最大允许水平，即低于干物质的5%。这些副产品的常量和微量矿物质含量也显示出令人鼓舞的结果，有助于满足农场动物的矿物质需求。FVW可以成为主要依赖低质量天然牧场和作物残渣的农场动物补充饲料的可行替代来源，并且可以部分替代更昂贵的饲料，其有效再利用将最大限度地减少与此类废弃物处理相关的环境影响。
