Centro de Investigaciónn Biomedica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 4;16(21):3788. doi: 10.3390/nu16213788.
: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) increases the risk of Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM). The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown advantages in the management of MAFLD and preventing co-morbidities; however, its relationship with T2DM development in MAFLD has been less investigated. We aimed to evaluate the association of MD adherence with the risk of incident T2DM in the Spanish adult population with MAFLD and according to their weight gain at 7.5 years follow-up. : A cohort of 714 participants (without weight increment: 377; with weight increment: 337) from the Di@bet.es cohort study with MAFLD and without T2DM at baseline were investigated. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, clinical data, and a survey on habits were recorded. OGTT and fasting blood biochemistry determinations were made. Baseline adherence to MD was estimated by the adapted 14-point MEDAS questionnaire and categorized as high and low adherence. : In total, 98 people developed T2DM at follow-up. The high adherence to MD was inversely associated with the development of T2DM in both the overall population (0.52 [0.31-0.87]) and subjects without weight gain at follow-up (0.35 [0.16-0.78]). : Our results suggest the protective effect of high adherence to MD regarding the risk of T2DM in subjects with MAFLD, with this health benefit being more evident in men with the absence of weight gain. These results support the recommendations for MD use in these patients.
代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）增加 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的风险。地中海饮食（MD）在 MAFLD 的管理和预防合并症方面显示出优势；然而，其与 MAFLD 中 T2DM 发展的关系研究较少。我们旨在评估 MD 依从性与西班牙 MAFLD 成年人群中 T2DM 发病风险的相关性，并根据 7.5 年随访时的体重增加情况进行评估。
在基线时没有 T2DM 的 Di@bet.es 队列研究中，对来自 MAFLD 的 714 名参与者（无体重增加：377 名；有体重增加：337 名）进行了调查。记录了人体测量、社会人口统计学、临床数据和习惯调查。进行了 OGTT 和空腹血液生化测定。通过改良的 14 分 MEDAS 问卷评估 MD 的基线依从性，并分为高和低依从性。
共有 98 人在随访中发生 T2DM。MD 高依从性与总体人群（0.52 [0.31-0.87]）和随访时无体重增加的受试者（0.35 [0.16-0.78]）中 T2DM 的发生呈负相关。
我们的结果表明，MAFLD 患者 MD 高依从性与 T2DM 风险呈负相关，这种健康益处在无体重增加的男性中更为明显。这些结果支持在这些患者中使用 MD 的建议。
