Lu Dongxiao, Sun Haohan, Fan Hao, Li Nianlu, Li Yuming, Yin Xianyong, Fan Yang, Sun Hao, Wang Shan, Xin Tao
College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Neuro-oncology, Jinan 250014, China; Laboratory of Basic and Translational Neuromedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China; Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Jinan 250117, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Neuro-oncology, Jinan 250014, China; Laboratory of Basic and Translational Neuromedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China; Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Research, Jinan 250117, China.
Neuroscience. 2024 Dec 17;563:84-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.11.011. Epub 2024 Nov 8.
The intercellular communication within the central nervous system (CNS) is of great importance for in maintaining brain function, homeostasis, and CNS regulation. When the equilibrium of CNS is disrupted or injured, microglia are immediately activated and respond to CNS injury. Microglia-derived exosomes are capable of participating in intercellular communication within the CNS by transporting various bioactive substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites. Nevertheless, microglia activation is a double-edged sword. Activated microglia can coordinate the neural repair process and, conversely, can amplify tissue injury and impede CNS repair. This work reviewed the roles of exosomes derived from microglia stimulated by different environments (mainly lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-4, and other specific preconditioning) in CNS injury and their possible therapeutic potentials. This work focuses on the regulation of exosomes derived from microglia stimulated by different environments on nerve cells. Meanwhile, we summarized the molecular mechanisms by which the relevant exosomes exert regulatory effects. Exosomes, derived from microglia stimulated by different environments, regulate other nerve cells during the repair of CNS injury, having beneficial or detrimental effects on CNS repair. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their role can provide a robust foundation for the clinical treatment of CNS injury.
中枢神经系统（CNS）内的细胞间通讯对于维持脑功能、内环境稳态和中枢神经系统调节至关重要。当中枢神经系统的平衡被破坏或受到损伤时，小胶质细胞会立即被激活并对中枢神经系统损伤做出反应。小胶质细胞衍生的外泌体能够通过运输各种生物活性物质（包括核酸、蛋白质、脂质、氨基酸和代谢产物）参与中枢神经系统内的细胞间通讯。然而，小胶质细胞的激活是一把双刃剑。激活的小胶质细胞可以协调神经修复过程，反之，也可以放大组织损伤并阻碍中枢神经系统修复。这项工作综述了不同环境（主要是脂多糖、白细胞介素-4和其他特定预处理）刺激的小胶质细胞衍生的外泌体在中枢神经系统损伤中的作用及其可能的治疗潜力。这项工作重点关注不同环境刺激的小胶质细胞衍生的外泌体对神经细胞的调节作用。同时，我们总结了相关外泌体发挥调节作用的分子机制。不同环境刺激的小胶质细胞衍生的外泌体在中枢神经系统损伤修复过程中调节其他神经细胞，对中枢神经系统修复具有有益或有害的影响。全面了解其作用的分子机制可为中枢神经系统损伤的临床治疗提供坚实的基础。
