Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
Rev Neurosci. 2020 Oct 25;31(7):743-756. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0013.
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are common diseases that threaten human health. The CNS is highly enriched in lipids, which play important roles in maintaining normal physiological functions of the nervous system. Moreover, many CNS diseases are closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from multivesicular bodies (MVBs) . Through novel forms of intercellular communication, exosomes secreted by brain cells can mediate inter-neuronal signaling and play important roles in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Lipids are essential components of exosomes, with cholesterol and sphingolipid as representative constituents of its bilayer membrane. In the CNS, lipids are closely related to the formation and function of exosomes. Their dysregulation causes abnormalities in exosomes, which may, in turn, lead to dysfunctions in inter-neuronal communication and promote diseases. Therefore, the role of lipids in the treatment of neurological diseases through exosomes has received increasing attention. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between lipids and exosomes and their roles in CNS diseases.
中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病是威胁人类健康的常见疾病。CNS 富含脂质，脂质在维持神经系统的正常生理功能方面发挥着重要作用。此外，许多 CNS 疾病与异常脂质代谢密切相关。外泌体是多泡体（MVBs）分泌的细胞外囊泡（EVs）的一种亚型。通过新型细胞间通讯方式，脑细胞分泌的外泌体可以介导神经元间信号传递，并在 CNS 疾病的发病机制中发挥重要作用。脂质是外泌体的必需成分，胆固醇和鞘脂是其双层膜的代表性成分。在 CNS 中，脂质与外泌体的形成和功能密切相关。它们的失调导致外泌体异常，进而导致神经元间通讯功能障碍，并促进疾病发生。因此，通过外泌体治疗神经疾病中脂质的作用受到越来越多的关注。本综述旨在讨论脂质与外泌体及其在 CNS 疾病中的作用之间的关系。
