Programa de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
Facultad de Fisioterapia, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2024 Nov 6;44(4):537-551. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.7473.
The changes associated with aging are multidimensional and multifactorial, with the geriatric syndrome of frailty being its most problematic and complex expression. This syndrome leads to vulnerability, disproportionate changes in health status, and functional decline, making its effective identification and comprehensive management necessary.
To describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and functional characteristics of older adults with cardiovascular risk in Southwestern Colombia.
This study has an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical design. The selected population included older adults enrolled in a cardiovascular and metabolic risk program in Popayán (Cauca). A multivariate analysis explored the relationship between frailty and certain sociodemographic, clinical, and functional variables.
A total of 293 older adults participated, primarily women (69.6%), with an average age of 71.23 years. Among them, 77.1% were classified as independent in basic activities and 56.3% in instrumental activities of daily living, with autonomy being more prevalent among men. Additionally, 71.1% of women and 43.8% of men were classified as prefrail. The bivariate analysis identified a relationship between frailty and variables such as sex, age, marital status, educational level, occupation, calf circumference, functional capacity, instrumental capacity, and family functionality. The multivariate analysis showed a higher frailty/prefrailty prevalence (55%) in women.
Most participants were classified as prefrail; dependency and frailty were more prevalent in women, suggesting the need for preventive strategies and interventions from a gender-differentiated approach.
与衰老相关的变化是多维度和多因素的，衰弱是老年综合征最具问题性和复杂性的表现。这种综合征导致脆弱性、健康状况的不成比例变化和功能下降，因此需要对其进行有效的识别和全面管理。
描述哥伦比亚西南部心血管风险老年人的社会人口学、临床和功能特征。
本研究具有观察性、横断面和分析性设计。选择的人群包括参加波帕扬（考卡）心血管和代谢风险计划的老年人。多变量分析探讨了衰弱与某些社会人口学、临床和功能变量之间的关系。
共有 293 名老年人参与，主要是女性（69.6%），平均年龄为 71.23 岁。其中，77.1%在基本活动中被评为独立，56.3%在日常生活活动的工具性活动中被评为独立，男性自主性更为普遍。此外，71.1%的女性和 43.8%的男性被归类为虚弱前期。在单变量分析中，发现衰弱与性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、职业、小腿围、功能能力、工具性能力和家庭功能等变量之间存在关系。多变量分析显示，女性的衰弱/虚弱前期患病率（55%）更高。
大多数参与者被归类为虚弱前期；依赖性和衰弱在女性中更为普遍，这表明需要从性别差异化的角度制定预防策略和干预措施。
