Zhu Haixia, Cheng Liang
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810016, China.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2024 Nov 12. doi: 10.1007/s12223-024-01225-5.
In screening biocontrol strains with broad-spectrum and high-efficiency herbicidal activities, a strain with strong pathogenicity, HY-021, was isolated from the leaves of Rumex acetosa, which was identified as Botrytis fabiopsis based on morphology and molecular biology. The herbicidal activities of the fermentation filtrate of strain HY-021 against nine weeds, including Chenopodium album L., Elsholtzia densa Benth., Malva verticillata L. var. Crispa, Polygonum lapathifolium L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Avena fatua L., Thlaspi arvense L., Polygonum aviculare L., and Galium spurium L., were determined in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the pathogenicity of strain HY-021 to the different weeds in vitro was as follows: E. densa > A. retroflexus > P. aviculare > P. lapathifolium > M. verticillata > T. arvense > G. spurium > A. fatua > C. album. Seven days after inoculation with the HY-021 strain, the incidences in nine weeds were in the range of 32.9-87.23%, and the disease index values of the nine weeds were 41.73-94.57%. The pathogenic effects from high to low were A. retroflexus > E. densa > A. fatua > G. spurium > C. album > M. verticillata > T. arvense > P. aviculare > P. lapathifolium. The crop safety test showed that the biocontrol strain HY-021 was safe to V. faba, P. sativum, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum, but had a slight effect on B. napus. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the mycelium of strain HY-021 invaded the tissue through the stomata of C. album leaves, parasitized and reproduced in the tissue, and gradually destroyed the tissue. The results of this study provide a basis for the development and utilization of new and efficient microbial source herbicides.
在筛选具有广谱高效除草活性的生防菌株时，从酸模叶片中分离出一株致病性较强的菌株HY - 021，基于形态学和分子生物学鉴定其为蚕豆葡萄孢。测定了菌株HY - 021发酵滤液对包括藜、密花香薷、皱叶锦葵、酸模叶蓼、反枝苋、野燕麦、遏蓝菜、扁蓄和猪殃殃在内的9种杂草的除草活性，进行了室内和田间试验。结果表明，菌株HY - 021对不同杂草的室内致病性顺序为：密花香薷＞反枝苋＞扁蓄＞酸模叶蓼＞皱叶锦葵＞遏蓝菜＞猪殃殃＞野燕麦＞藜。接种菌株HY - 021 7 d后，9种杂草的发病率在32.9% - 87.23%之间，病情指数为41.73 - 94.57%。致病效果由高到低依次为：反枝苋＞密花香薷＞野燕麦＞猪殃殃＞藜＞皱叶锦葵＞遏蓝菜＞扁蓄＞酸模叶蓼。作物安全性试验表明，生防菌株HY - 021对蚕豆、豌豆、大麦和小麦安全，但对油菜有轻微影响。扫描电子显微镜观察显示，菌株HY - 021的菌丝通过藜叶片气孔侵入组织，在组织内寄生繁殖，逐渐破坏组织。本研究结果为新型高效微生物源除草剂的开发利用提供了依据。
