Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 12;14(1):27642. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78936-9.
The two-high threshold eyewitness identification model was applied to investigate the effects of lineup position on the latent cognitive processes underlying eyewitness responses in lineups. In two experiments with large sample sizes and random assignment of culprits and innocent suspects to all possible lineup positions, we examined how detection-based and non-detection-based processes vary across the positions of six-person photo lineups. Experiment 1 (N = 2586) served to investigate position effects in simultaneous lineups in which all photos were presented in a single row. Experiment 2 (N = 2581) was focused on sequential lineups. In both experiments, lineup position had no effect on the detection of the presence of the culprit. Guessing-based selection, in contrast, differed as a function of lineup position. Specifically, a lineup member placed in the first position in a lineup was significantly more likely to be selected based on guessing than lineup members placed in other positions. These results justify the practice of avoiding to place the suspect in the first position in a lineup, as this placement increases the suspect's chance of being selected based on guessing.
采用双阈限目击者识别模型，研究了在列队辨认中，辨认位置对目击者反应背后潜在认知过程的影响。在两个具有较大样本量且随机分配罪犯和无辜嫌疑人到所有可能的辨认位置的实验中，我们考察了在 6 人照片辨认列队中，基于检测和非基于检测的过程如何随位置而变化。实验 1（N=2586）用于研究同时辨认列队中的位置效应，其中所有照片都呈现在一行中。实验 2（N=2581）则专注于序列辨认列队。在这两个实验中，辨认位置对检测到罪犯的存在没有影响。相反，基于猜测的选择则因辨认位置而异。具体来说，与放置在其他位置的辨认成员相比，放置在辨认列队首位的辨认成员更有可能基于猜测而被选中。这些结果证明了避免将嫌疑人放在辨认列队首位的做法是合理的，因为这种放置会增加嫌疑人基于猜测而被选中的机会。
