The photothermal sensitivity of tobacco refers to the degree to which tobacco responds to changes in light and temperature conditions in its growth environment, which is crucial for determining the planting area of cultivars and improving tobacco yield and quality. In order to accurately and effectively evaluate the photothermal sensitivity of tobacco cultivars, this study selected five cultivars and their hybrid combinations with significant differences planted under different ecological conditions from 2021 to 2022 as materials. The experiment was conducted in two locations with significant differences in temperature and light. We measured the agronomic traits and biomass of the experimental materials, and constructed an effective tobacco photothermal sensitivity evaluation model using principal component analysis, membership function, and regression analysis. The reliability of the model was evaluated by utilizing the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme system activity of the experimental materials. The results showed that tobacco biomass is the most important principal component in agricultural traits, and the comprehensive evaluation model for tobacco photothermal sensitivity is: y = 0.4571y + 0.2406y + 0.1725y, where the fitting coefficients R of y, y, and y are 0.945, 0.851, and 0.977, respectively; The photothermal sensitivity of the experimental materials was calculated using this model, and the comprehensive ranking of the 11 experimental materials is: G3 < G5 < G10 < G9 < G11 < G6 < G7 < G2 < G4 < G8 < G1. Conventional identification methods have found that G2, G4, G6, G7, G8, and G11 are sensitive materials, G3, G5, and G10 are insensitive materials, and G1 and G9 are intermediate materials. The consistency rate of the evaluation results of the two methods reached 90.91%. And there is a significant correlation between the agronomic traits selected in the model and the physiological indicators selected by conventional evaluation methods, providing a scientific basis for evaluating the light temperature sensitivity of tobacco cultivars using agronomic traits in this study. The results indicate that the photothermal sensitivity evaluation model established in this study provides an efficient, convenient, and reliable method for evaluating the photothermal sensitivity of tobacco.