School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, 7166# Baotong Xi Road, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China.
School of Humanities and Design, Zhengzhou Vocational University of Information and Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 14;24(1):803. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-06259-0.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common among patients with heart failure (HF). Physical limitations, lifestyle changes, and uncertainties related to HF can result in the development or exacerbating of anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, the central and bridge symptoms of anxiety and depressive symptoms network among patients with HF remain unclear. Network analysis is a statistical method that can discover and visualize complex relationships between multiple variables. This study aimed to establish a network of anxiety and depressive symptoms and identify the central and bridge symptoms in this network among patients with HF.
This study employed a cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling to recruit patients with HF. This study followed the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were administered to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with HF, respectively. Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms was performed using R.
In the anxiety and depressive symptoms network, PHQ2 (feeling down, depressed, or hopeless), PHQ7 (inability to concentrate), and GAD4 (difficulty relaxing) were the most central symptoms. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were linked by PHQ2 (feeling down, depressed, or hopeless), GAD6 (becoming easily annoyed or impatient), GAD5 (unable to sit still because of anxiety), GAD7 (feeling afraid that something terrible is about to happen), and PHQ6 (feeling bad or like a failure, or disappointing oneself or family).
This study identified the central and bridge symptoms in a network of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Targeting these symptoms can contribute to interventions for patients with HF at risk of-or suffering from-anxiety and depressive symptoms, which can be effective in reducing the comorbidity of anxiety and depression.
焦虑和抑郁症状在心力衰竭（HF）患者中很常见。身体限制、生活方式改变以及与 HF 相关的不确定性可能导致焦虑和抑郁症状的发展或加重。然而，HF 患者中焦虑和抑郁症状网络的核心和桥梁症状仍不清楚。网络分析是一种可以发现和可视化多个变量之间复杂关系的统计方法。本研究旨在建立一个焦虑和抑郁症状网络，并确定该网络中 HF 患者的核心和桥梁症状。
本研究采用横断面研究设计和便利抽样方法招募 HF 患者。本研究遵循赫尔辛基宣言，并获得了医院伦理委员会的批准。使用广义焦虑障碍-7 量表（GAD-7）和患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）分别评估 HF 患者的焦虑和抑郁症状。使用 R 进行焦虑和抑郁症状的网络分析。
在焦虑和抑郁症状网络中，PHQ2（感到沮丧、抑郁或绝望）、PHQ7（无法集中注意力）和 GAD4（难以放松）是最核心的症状。焦虑和抑郁症状通过 PHQ2（感到沮丧、抑郁或绝望）、GAD6（容易生气或不耐烦）、GAD5（因焦虑而无法静坐）、GAD7（感到害怕可怕的事情即将发生）和 PHQ6（感觉不好或像失败一样，或让自己或家人失望）联系在一起。
本研究确定了焦虑和抑郁症状网络中的核心和桥梁症状。针对这些症状可以为有焦虑和抑郁症状风险或正在经历焦虑和抑郁症状的 HF 患者提供干预措施，从而有效减少焦虑和抑郁的共病。
