Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
Head Face Med. 2024 Nov 15;20(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13005-024-00464-8.
Depression is a common comorbidity among individuals with otolaryngologic disorders, particularly those with longstanding conditions. This study aims at analysing the sociodemographic profile of depressive disorders in patients with chronic otolaryngology symptoms or conditions, and the correlation with PHQ-9 score.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a hundred patients presenting to the outpatient department with chronic otolaryngology symptoms or conditions. They were requested to fill in the PHQ-9 questionnaire, containing questions based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for major depressive disorder (MDD).
Median age was 39, male: female ratio was 1.17. Nasal obstruction (29%), ear discharge (25%), and headache (17%) were the common presenting complaints. Mean and median PHQ-9 scores were 5.03 and 4 respectively. Seven patients (7%) had MDD, while eleven (11%) had other depressive disorder; 9% of cases were found to have no significant otolaryngologic problem despite presenting with symptoms, two of which were found to have depressive disorder. Thirty-five (35%) and thirty-six (36%) patients had minimal and mild depressive symptoms respectively, while one (1%) had severe depressive symptoms. Statistical significance was noted for the duration of symptoms (p-value 0.005); high statistical significance was found for occupation and otolaryngology diagnosis (p-value < 0.001 each). PHQ-9 score showed statistical significance in comparison with gender and duration of symptoms (p-value 0.046 and 0.005 respectively). Correlation of severity of depressive disorder revealed statistical significance with gender (p-value 0.049) and high statistical significance with duration of symptoms (p-value < 0.001).
Chronic otolaryngology conditions are associated with significant morbidity, attributable to longstanding disturbing symptoms and prolonged treatment protocols, leading to depression. Nevertheless, depression in chronic otolaryngology disorders may aggravate or overlap the clinical symptoms or may go undetected. Hence it may be worthwhile to evaluate for depressive disorders in chronic patients presenting to otolaryngology.
抑郁是耳鼻喉疾病患者常见的合并症，尤其是那些患有长期疾病的患者。本研究旨在分析慢性耳鼻喉症状或疾病患者中抑郁障碍的社会人口学特征，并分析其与 PHQ-9 评分的相关性。
对 100 名因慢性耳鼻喉症状或疾病到门诊就诊的患者进行横断面研究。他们被要求填写 PHQ-9 问卷，问卷包含基于《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）的主要抑郁障碍（MDD）的问题。
患者的中位年龄为 39 岁，男女比例为 1.17。常见的主要症状为鼻塞（29%）、耳漏（25%）和头痛（17%）。PHQ-9 的平均和中位数得分为 5.03 和 4。7 名患者（7%）患有 MDD，11 名患者（11%）患有其他抑郁障碍；9%的患者尽管有症状但没有明显的耳鼻喉问题，其中 2 例被发现患有抑郁障碍。35 名（35%）和 36 名（36%）患者的抑郁症状分别为轻度和轻度，1 名（1%）患者的抑郁症状为重度。症状持续时间有统计学意义（p 值 0.005）；职业和耳鼻喉科诊断也有高度统计学意义（p 值均<0.001）。PHQ-9 评分与性别和症状持续时间比较均有统计学意义（p 值分别为 0.046 和 0.005）。抑郁障碍严重程度与性别有统计学意义（p 值 0.049），与症状持续时间有高度统计学意义（p 值<0.001）。
慢性耳鼻喉疾病与显著的发病率相关，这归因于长期的烦扰症状和延长的治疗方案，导致抑郁。然而，慢性耳鼻喉疾病中的抑郁可能会加重或与临床症状重叠，也可能未被发现。因此，对因慢性疾病到耳鼻喉科就诊的患者进行抑郁障碍评估可能是有价值的。
