Al Hasan Mohammad, Buloushi Ahmed A, Haidar Mahdi, Farhan Fahad
Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, KWT.
Laboratories, Adan Hospital, Kuwait City, KWT.
Cureus. 2024 Oct 15;16(10):e71515. doi: 10.7759/cureus.71515. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The increasing prevalence of obesity and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Kuwait requires a comprehensive analysis of its contributing factors and health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the relationship between obesity and CVDs and identify the main factors driving obesity in the Kuwaiti population.
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, multiple databases were systematically searched, identifying 980 articles. After removing duplicates and screening the articles against the inclusion criteria (observational or intervention studies published from 2001 to 2024 in English, conducted in Kuwait or on Kuwaitis, examining obesity (body mass index or validated measures) and CVDs (coronary artery disease, stroke, heart attack, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes), 44 published studies from 2001 to 2024 were included in the final analysis. The studies varied widely in design and population, complicating the estimation of the total number of participants.
The pooled prevalence of overweight patients was 36% (95% CI: 25-47) with high heterogeneity (I=99.86%) and a statistically non-significant difference (p>0.01). Likewise, the pooled prevalence of overweight patients was 31% (95% CI: 23-40, I=99.03%), with a statistically non-significant difference (p>0.01). The key factors contributing to obesity in Kuwait include a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, poor sleep quality, stress, genetic predisposition, metabolic disorders, environmental factors, and cultural factors. Sedentary behavior and unhealthy diets, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and economic growth, were prominent contributors. Genetic studies have identified specific genetic variants associated with obesity. Stress and poor sleep quality were significant factors, particularly in urban environments. A strong association was found between obesity and various CVD risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus, with pooled population attributable risk estimates of 15%-18%, 13%-15%, and 10%, respectively.
These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of obesity in Kuwait, which is influenced by lifestyle, dietary habits, genetic factors, and socioeconomic changes. Age- and gender-specific analyses revealed higher obesity rates in adults aged 40-60 years and stronger associations with CVD in females. The consistent link between obesity and CVD risk factors highlights the urgent need for targeted public health interventions.
Obesity contributes significantly to the CVD burden in Kuwait, driven by a combination of lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors. Comprehensive strategies addressing these determinants are essential to mitigate the obesity epidemic and its associated health risks in the Kuwaiti population.
科威特肥胖症及相关心血管疾病（CVDs）的患病率不断上升，这需要对其促成因素和健康结果进行全面分析。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在综合当前关于肥胖与心血管疾病之间关系的证据，并确定科威特人群中导致肥胖的主要因素。
按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，系统检索了多个数据库，共识别出980篇文章。在去除重复项并根据纳入标准（2001年至2024年以英文发表的观察性或干预性研究，在科威特或科威特人身上进行，研究肥胖症（体重指数或经过验证的测量方法）和心血管疾病（冠状动脉疾病、中风、心脏病发作、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病））筛选文章后，最终分析纳入了2001年至2024年发表的44项研究。这些研究在设计和人群方面差异很大，使得参与者总数的估计变得复杂。
超重患者的合并患病率为36%（95%置信区间：25 - 47），异质性高（I = 99.86%），差异无统计学意义（p > 0.01）。同样，肥胖患者的合并患病率为31%（95%置信区间：23 - 40，I = 99.03%），差异无统计学意义（p > 0.01）。科威特肥胖的关键因素包括久坐不动的生活方式、不健康的饮食、睡眠质量差、压力、遗传易感性、代谢紊乱、环境因素和文化因素。快速的城市化和经济增长加剧了久坐行为和不健康饮食，是主要促成因素。基因研究已经确定了与肥胖相关的特定基因变异。压力和睡眠质量差是重要因素，尤其是在城市环境中。肥胖与多种心血管疾病风险因素之间存在很强的关联，包括高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病，人群归因风险合并估计分别为15% - 18%、13% - 15%和10%。
这些发现强调了科威特肥胖问题的多面性，其受到生活方式、饮食习惯、遗传因素和社会经济变化的影响。按年龄和性别进行的分析显示，40 - 60岁成年人的肥胖率较高，女性与心血管疾病的关联更强。肥胖与心血管疾病风险因素之间的持续联系凸显了针对性公共卫生干预措施的迫切需求。
在科威特，肥胖是导致心血管疾病负担的重要因素，由生活方式、遗传和环境因素共同驱动。应对这些决定因素的综合策略对于减轻科威特人群中的肥胖流行及其相关健康风险至关重要。
