Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2025 Jan 16;427:110968. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110968. Epub 2024 Nov 9.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a growing public health concern; however, there is limited information about MRSA and VRSA (Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus) among animal-origin food. Therefore, this study intended to elucidate the prevalence, enterotoxin existence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and antimicrobial resistance genes of S. aureus strains isolated from chicken carcasses, ready-to-eat (RTE) chicken meat sandwiches, and buffalo milk samples marketed in Mansoura City, Egypt. Of the 240 samples examined, 52.1 % were contaminated with S. aureus, with a mean count of 4.11 log CFU/g. A total of 250 isolates were verified as S. aureus by PCR targeting nuc gene, of which 39.2 % (98/250) harbored at least one S. aureus enterotoxin (SE) gene. The predominant SE genes were sea (61.2 %, 60/98), followed by sed (58.2 %, 57/98), sec (38.8 %, 38/98), and seb (27.6 %, 27/98). All isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, with an average MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance) index of 0.530. Four isolates exhibited resistance to all antimicrobial agents tested. Interestingly, 100 %, 76.4 %, 35.6 %, 30.8, 10.4 %, 6 %, and 1.6 % of isolates were resistant to penicillin, azithromycin, oxacillin, ceftaroline, vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin, respectively. Of the 250 S. aureus strains tested, 38 % were confirmed as MRSA by mecA gene, while 10.4 % were identified as VRSA by vanA gene. The high prevalence of MRSA and VRSA isolates among samples tested is worrisome. Hence, monitoring antimicrobial usage in veterinary medicine and applying strict hygienic measures during food handling and processing is imperative to prevent the spread of such resistant bacteria and protect public health.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题；然而，关于动物源食品中的 MRSA 和 VRSA（万古霉素耐药金黄色葡萄球菌）的信息有限。因此，本研究旨在阐明从埃及曼苏拉市销售的鸡胴体、即食（RTE）鸡肉三明治和水牛奶样本中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株的流行率、肠毒素存在、抗菌药物耐药谱和抗菌药物耐药基因。在检查的 240 个样本中，有 52.1%受到金黄色葡萄球菌污染，平均计数为 4.11 log CFU/g。通过针对 nuc 基因的 PCR 共验证了 250 个分离株为金黄色葡萄球菌，其中 39.2%（98/250）至少携带一种金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素（SE）基因。主要的 SE 基因是 sea（61.2%，60/98），其次是 sed（58.2%，57/98）、sec（38.8%，38/98）和 seb（27.6%，27/98）。所有分离株均对至少一种抗菌药物耐药，平均 MAR（多重抗生素耐药）指数为 0.530。有 4 个分离株对所有测试的抗菌药物均耐药。有趣的是，100%、76.4%、35.6%、30.8%、10.4%、6%和 1.6%的分离株分别对青霉素、阿奇霉素、苯唑西林、头孢他啶、万古霉素、利奈唑胺和达托霉素耐药。在测试的 250 株金黄色葡萄球菌菌株中，38%通过 mecA 基因确认为 MRSA，10.4%通过 vanA 基因确认为 VRSA。测试样本中 MRSA 和 VRSA 分离株的高流行率令人担忧。因此，监测兽医学中抗菌药物的使用并在食品处理和加工过程中实施严格的卫生措施对于防止此类耐药菌的传播和保护公众健康至关重要。
