Reyes Zabrina, Stovall Mary Catherine, Punyamurthula Sanjana, Longo Michele, Maraganore Demetrius, Solch-Ottaiano Rebecca J
Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America; Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America.
J Neurol Sci. 2024 Dec 15;467:123295. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123295. Epub 2024 Nov 10.
Long COVID, also known as Post COVID-19 condition by the World Health Organization or Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is defined as the development of symptoms such as post-exertional malaise, dysgeusia, and partial or full anosmia three months after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. The multisystem effects of PASC make it difficult to distinguish from its mimickers. Further, a comprehensive evaluation of the gut microbiome, nutrition, and PASC has yet to be studied. The gut-brain axis describes bidirectional immune, neural, endocrine, and humoral modulatory interactions between the gut microbiome and brain function. We explore recent studies that support an association between alterations in gut microbiome diversity and the severity of acute-phase COVID-19, and how these may be affected by diets rich in antioxidants and fiber. The Mediterranean Diet (MeDi) has demonstrated promising neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory processes. Further, diets rich in fiber increase gut diversity and increase the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) within the body-both shown to protect from acute COVID-19 complications. Long-term changes to the gut microbiome persist after acute infection and may increase susceptibility to PASC. This study builds on existing knowledge of determinants of PASC and highlights a relationship between nutrition, gut microbiome, acute-phase COVID-19, and, subsequently, PASC susceptibility.
长期新冠，世界卫生组织也称之为新冠后状况或新冠病毒2感染的急性后遗症（PASC），被定义为在首次感染新冠病毒2三个月后出现运动后不适、味觉障碍以及部分或完全嗅觉丧失等症状。PASC的多系统影响使其难以与类似病症区分开来。此外，尚未对肠道微生物群、营养与PASC进行全面评估。肠脑轴描述了肠道微生物群与脑功能之间双向的免疫、神经、内分泌和体液调节相互作用。我们探讨了最近的研究，这些研究支持肠道微生物群多样性的改变与急性期新冠病毒感染的严重程度之间存在关联，以及富含抗氧化剂和纤维的饮食可能如何影响这些方面。地中海饮食（MeDi）已通过其抗炎过程展现出有前景的神经保护作用。此外，富含纤维的饮食可增加肠道多样性并增加体内短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的含量，这两者均显示出可预防急性新冠病毒感染并发症。急性感染后肠道微生物群的长期变化会持续存在，并可能增加患PASC的易感性。本研究基于对PASC决定因素的现有认识，并强调了营养、肠道微生物群、急性期新冠病毒感染以及随后的PASC易感性之间的关系。
