Bigman Galya, Rusu Marius Emil, Shelawala Nicole, Sorkin John D, Beamer Brock A, Ryan Alice S
Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Nutrients. 2025 May 26;17(11):1802. doi: 10.3390/nu17111802.
Long COVID-19 is characterized by persistent symptoms lasting three months or more following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutrition has emerged as a modifiable factor influencing recovery trajectories and symptom burden; however, existing evidence remains fragmented across diverse study designs and populations. This scoping review synthesized global evidence on the role of diet and nutrition in managing long COVID-19 symptoms and supporting recovery. Following PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews, we searched major biomedical databases for studies published between 2020 and 2025. Eligible studies examined dietary intake, nutritional status, or nutrition-related interventions in adults with long COVID-19. After duplicates were removed, 1808 records were screened, resulting in 50 studies that met the inclusion criteria-27 intervention studies and 23 observational studies. Nutritional exposures included micronutrients (e.g., vitamins D, K), amino acids (e.g., L-arginine), multinutrient formulations, microbiota-targeted therapies (e.g., probiotics, synbiotics), nutritional status, diet quality, and whole-diet patterns (e.g., the Mediterranean diet). Approximately 76% of studies reported improvements in long COVID-19-related symptoms such as fatigue, mood disturbances, physical function, and markers of inflammation. Diet and nutrition may support long COVID-19 recovery by targeting inflammation and the gut microbiome to alleviate symptoms and improve functional outcomes. Well-powered trials of whole-diet approaches, combined with targeted supplementation, are needed to confirm their potential as scalable, accessible tools for post-COVID-19 recovery and management.
新冠长期症状是指在感染SARS-CoV-2后持续三个月或更长时间的症状。营养已成为影响康复轨迹和症状负担的一个可改变因素；然而，现有证据在不同的研究设计和人群中仍然零散。本范围综述综合了关于饮食和营养在管理新冠长期症状及支持康复方面作用的全球证据。按照PRISMA-ScR和乔安娜·布里格斯研究所范围综述指南，我们在主要生物医学数据库中检索了2020年至2025年发表的研究。符合条件的研究考察了新冠长期症状成年患者的饮食摄入、营养状况或营养相关干预措施。去除重复记录后，筛选了1808条记录，最终有50项研究符合纳入标准——27项干预性研究和23项观察性研究。营养暴露包括微量营养素（如维生素D、K）、氨基酸（如L-精氨酸）、多种营养素配方、针对微生物群的疗法（如益生菌、合生元）、营养状况、饮食质量和整体饮食模式（如地中海饮食）。约76%的研究报告称，新冠长期症状相关症状如疲劳、情绪障碍、身体功能和炎症标志物有所改善。饮食和营养可能通过针对炎症和肠道微生物群来缓解症状并改善功能结局，从而支持新冠长期症状的康复。需要开展充分有力的全饮食方法试验，并结合有针对性的补充，以证实其作为新冠后康复和管理的可扩展、可及工具的潜力。
