Shimizu Mika, Oya Junko, Kondo Yuichiro, Katamine Aki, Hasegawa Yukiko, Nakagami Tomoko
Division of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
J Diabetes Investig. 2025 Feb;16(2):285-291. doi: 10.1111/jdi.14347. Epub 2024 Nov 17.
AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To determine the association of irregular dietary habits with HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) in people with diabetes.
We included 4,421 people with diabetes aged 20-74 years (type 1 diabetes (T1D), 19.1%) who answered a questionnaire at mealtime. Adjusted least square means in HbA1c and BMI in patients with irregular dietary habits: "irregular mealtimes (irregular)," "skipping breakfast (SB)," and "late dinner (LD)" were compared to those with "regular dietary habits (regular)." Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association of irregular dietary habits with HbA1c ≥ 7% and BMI ≥25 kg/m.
HbA1c was significantly higher for "irregular" in both sexes and for "LD" in women than those of "regular" in people with T1D. HbA1c was significantly higher for "LD," and BMI was higher for almost all irregular dietary habits than those of "regular" in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Odds ratios (ORs) for HbA1c ≥7% were 3.20 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-7.89) for T1D women with "irregular" and 1.73 (1.20-2.49) and 2.20 (1.14-3.65) for T2D men and women with "LD," respectively. ORs for BMI ≥25 kg/m were 1.60 (95% CI, 1.15-2.22) for T2D men with "irregular" and 1.43 (1.02-2.01) and 2.11 (1.21-3.65) for T2D women and men with "LD," respectively.
Irregular mealtimes are associated with poor glycemic control in T1D women and are associated with obesity in T2D men. Furthermore, a late dinner was associated with high HbA1c levels and BMI in people with T2D.
目的/引言：确定糖尿病患者不规则饮食习惯与糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）及体重指数（BMI）之间的关联。
我们纳入了4421名年龄在20 - 74岁的糖尿病患者（1型糖尿病（T1D）患者占19.1%），这些患者在进餐时回答了一份问卷。将饮食习惯不规则（“进餐时间不规律（irregular）”、“不吃早餐（SB）”和“晚餐晚吃（LD）”）的患者的HbA1c和BMI的校正最小二乘均值与饮食习惯“规律（regular）”的患者进行比较。进行多变量逻辑回归分析，以检验不规则饮食习惯与HbA1c≥7%及BMI≥25 kg/m²之间的关联。
在T1D患者中，“进餐时间不规律”的男女患者以及女性“晚餐晚吃”患者的HbA1c均显著高于“饮食习惯规律”的患者。在2型糖尿病（T2D）患者中，“晚餐晚吃”患者的HbA1c显著更高，几乎所有饮食习惯不规则的患者的BMI均高于“饮食习惯规律”的患者。T1D女性“进餐时间不规律”时HbA1c≥7%的比值比（OR）为3.20（95%置信区间（CI），1.30 - 7.89），T2D男性和女性“晚餐晚吃”时该比值比分别为1.73（1.20 - 2.49）和2.20（1.14 - 3.65）。T2D男性“进餐时间不规律”时BMI≥25 kg/m²的OR为1.60（95%CI，1.15 - 2.22），T2D女性和男性“晚餐晚吃”时该比值比分别为1.43（1.02 - 2.01）和2.11（1.21 - 3.65）。
进餐时间不规律与T1D女性血糖控制不佳有关，与T2D男性肥胖有关。此外，晚餐晚吃与T2D患者的高HbA1c水平和BMI有关。
