力量举运动员和举重运动员在不同负荷强度下进行深蹲动作的运动学分析。
Kinematic analysis of the back squat at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters.
作者信息
Giustino Valerio, Vicari Domenico Savio Salvatore, Figlioli Flavia, Gervasi Marco, Fernández Peña Eneko, Schifaudo Naima, Tedesco Mattia, Drid Patrik, Paoli Antonio, Battaglia Giuseppe, Bianco Antonino, Patti Antonino
机构信息
Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
出版信息
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Oct 31;6:1454309. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1454309. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to evaluate the angular kinematics of the hip, knee, ankle, and the linear kinematics of the barbell during the back squat (BS) at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters.
METHODS
Seventeen athletes were recruited ( = 14 powerlifters; = 3 weightlifters). The 1-RM of the BS of each participant was calculated and, 1-week after, each participant was asked to perform 5 trials of the BS at different load intensities (i.e., 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) of the 1-RM. An action camera recorded the execution of each BS trial in the sagittal plane and, afterward, the videos were analyzed by measuring the range of motion (ROM) of hip, knee, and ankle for the angular kinematics, and the timing, distances, speeds, and accelerations of the barbell for the linear kinematics.
RESULTS
Regarding the angular kinematics, no significant differences were found in the parameters in the starting and ending positions among the 5 trials, while a significant decrease was found in the hip relative angle ( = 0.026) in the maximum flexion position as load intensity increased. Regarding the linear kinematics, a significant difference was found in the descent acceleration ( = 0.049) in the descent phase, while a significant difference was found in the ascent speed ( < .001) and vertical speed of ascent ( < .001) in the ascent phase, which decreased as load intensity increased.
DISCUSSION
Our findings show that the angular and linear kinematics of BS change as load intensity increases.
引言
本研究旨在评估力量举运动员和举重运动员在不同负荷强度的后深蹲（BS）过程中髋、膝、踝关节的角运动学以及杠铃的线性运动学。
方法
招募了17名运动员（14名力量举运动员；3名举重运动员）。计算了每位参与者后深蹲的1-RM（一次性最大重复量），并在1周后要求每位参与者以1-RM的不同负荷强度（即60%、70%、80%、90%、100%）进行5次后深蹲试验。一台运动相机记录了每个后深蹲试验在矢状面的执行情况，随后通过测量髋、膝、踝关节的运动范围（ROM）来分析角运动学，以及通过测量杠铃的时间、距离、速度和加速度来分析线性运动学。
结果
关于角运动学，5次试验的起始和结束位置的参数没有显著差异，而随着负荷强度增加，最大屈曲位置的髋相对角度有显著下降（P = 0.026）。关于线性运动学，下降阶段的下降加速度有显著差异（P = 0.049），而上升阶段的上升速度（P < 0.001）和垂直上升速度（P < 0.001）有显著差异，且随着负荷强度增加而降低。
讨论
我们的研究结果表明，后深蹲的角运动学和线性运动学随着负荷强度的增加而变化。
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