Rodal Miguel, Arrayales-Millán Emilio Manuel, Gonzalez-Macías Mirvana Elizabeth, Pérez-Gómez Jorge, Gianikellis Kostas
BioẼrgon Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Laboratory Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali 21289, BC, Mexico.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 Jun 1;12(6):603. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12060603.
Muscular strength is an essential factor in sports performance and general health, especially for optimizing mechanical power, as well as for injury prevention. The present study biomechanically characterized the half squat (HS) using a systemic structural approach based on mechanical power, called Power-Based Training (PBT), through which four phases of the movement were determined (acceleration and deceleration of lowering and lifting). Five weightlifters from the Mexican national team (categories U17, U20, and U23) participated, who performed five repetitions per set of HS with progressive loads (20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 80% of the one repetition maximum). The behavior of the center of mass of the subject-bar system was recorded by photogrammetry, calculating position, velocity, acceleration, mechanical power, and mechanical work. The results showed a significant reduction in velocity, acceleration, and mechanical power as the load increases, as well as variations in the duration and range of displacement per phase. These findings highlight the importance of a detailed analysis to understand the neuromuscular demands of HS and to optimize its application. The PBT approach and global center of mass analysis provide a more accurate view of the mechanics of this exercise, facilitating its application in future research, as well as in performance planning and monitoring.
肌肉力量是运动表现和总体健康的一个重要因素，特别是对于优化机械功率以及预防损伤而言。本研究采用一种基于机械功率的系统性结构方法，即基于功率的训练（PBT），对半蹲（HS）进行了生物力学特征分析，通过该方法确定了运动的四个阶段（下蹲和起升的加速和减速阶段）。来自墨西哥国家队的五名举重运动员（U17、U20和U23组）参与了研究，他们每组进行五次半蹲重复，负荷逐渐增加（一次重复最大值的20%、35%、50%、65%和80%）。通过摄影测量记录受试者-杠铃系统质心的行为，计算位置、速度、加速度、机械功率和机械功。结果表明，随着负荷增加，速度、加速度和机械功率显著降低，并且每个阶段的位移持续时间和范围也存在变化。这些发现凸显了进行详细分析对于理解半蹲的神经肌肉需求以及优化其应用的重要性。PBT方法和整体质心分析为该练习的力学原理提供了更准确的视角，便于其在未来研究以及运动表现规划和监测中的应用。
