Lotfi Noushin, Rezaei Nahid, Rastgoo Elham, Khodadoustan Shahraki Babak, Zahedi Ghazaleh, Jafarinia Morteza
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Galen Med J. 2023 Dec 1;12:e3109. doi: 10.31661/gmj.v12i.3109. eCollection 2023.
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with a dysregulation of the immune system. Immune-related genes and environmental factors including stress, food, infections, and microbiota, alter the immune system's homeostasis and play a role in SZ pathogenesis. The most distinctive feature in the pathophysiology of the disease is a shift in the T helper 1(Th1)/Th2 balance toward Th2 dominance in the immune system. Also, microglial and Th17 cell activation cause inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Antibodies play a role in the pathophysiology of SZ and give more evidence of a link between humoral immune reactivity and the disease. Accordingly, an imbalance in cytokine activities and neuroinfl ammation has been considered the main contributor to the pathogenesis of the SZ. Overall, the deregulation of the immune system caused by genetic, environmental, and neurochemical effects may all play a role in the etiology of SZ. This review summarized the etiological factors for SZ and discussed the role of immune responses and their interaction with genetic and environmental factors in SZ pathogenesis.
精神分裂症（SZ）是一种与免疫系统失调相关的严重精神障碍。免疫相关基因以及包括压力、食物、感染和微生物群在内的环境因素，会改变免疫系统的稳态，并在精神分裂症的发病机制中发挥作用。该疾病病理生理学中最显著的特征是免疫系统中辅助性T细胞1（Th1）/辅助性T细胞2（Th2）平衡向Th2占优势转变。此外，小胶质细胞和Th17细胞的激活会引起中枢神经系统（CNS）的炎症反应。抗体在精神分裂症的病理生理学中起作用，并为体液免疫反应性与该疾病之间的联系提供了更多证据。因此，细胞因子活性失衡和神经炎症被认为是精神分裂症发病机制的主要促成因素。总体而言，由遗传、环境和神经化学效应引起的免疫系统失调可能都在精神分裂症的病因中起作用。这篇综述总结了精神分裂症的病因，并讨论了免疫反应及其与遗传和环境因素在精神分裂症发病机制中的相互作用。
