Shakeri Jooybari Banin, Nasri Nasrabadi Fatemeh, Esteghamati Abdoulreza
Physics and Accelerators Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), 14395-836, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Science(TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Nov 19. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04436-6.
This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of both essential and non-essential elements in the breast milk of lactating mothers from Tehran, Iran, during the colostrum period. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to measure the element concentrations. Additionally, the study assessed how these element concentrations were influenced by maternal factors such as age and economic status. Breast milk samples were collected from 95 lactating mothers, aged 18 to 41, during the early lactation phase, specifically within the colostrum period (2-7 days postpartum). The colostrum milk samples were freeze-dried, powdered, and irradiated at the Tehran Research Reactor for neutron activation analysis (NAA). This method was used to measure the concentrations of essential elements-calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), and iodine (I)-as well as non-essential elements-aluminum (Al), bromine (Br), and rubidium (Rb). Descriptive statistics, including mean, median, maximum, minimum, and standard deviation, were calculated for each element. Statistical analyses, such as Pearson's correlation, were performed to assess relationships between the concentrations of various elements. Additionally, t-tests and p-values were employed to evaluate differences in element levels across maternal age groups (17-34 years vs. 35-45 years) and economic status (high/middle vs. low). The mean concentrations of the elements in dry breast milk powder samples were: Al = 6.9 mg/kg, Br = 11.9 mg/kg, Ca = 2.757 mg/g, Cl = 7.836 mg/g, I = 1.22 mg/kg, K = 5.853 mg/g, Na = 4.932 mg/g, and Rb = 3.69 mg/kg. Significant correlations were found between element pairs, such as Na-Cl, Br-Cl, Na-Br, Rb-K, and I-Cl. Maternal age significantly influenced bromine concentrations, with older mothers showing 22% higher Br levels (p = 0.038), while calcium levels were 15% lower but not statistically significant (p = 0.20). Maternal economic status significantly impacted calcium and potassium concentrations, with higher levels observed in mothers from better economic conditions (p = 0.02 and p = 0.025, respectively). This study highlights the elemental composition of breast milk samples of lactating mothers in Tehran and shows that maternal factors, such as age and economic status, can significantly influence the concentrations of specific elements in breast milk.
本研究旨在评估伊朗德黑兰哺乳期母亲在初乳期母乳中必需元素和非必需元素的浓度。采用中子活化分析（NAA）来测量元素浓度。此外，该研究还评估了这些元素浓度如何受到母亲年龄和经济状况等母体因素的影响。在哺乳早期，特别是在初乳期（产后2 - 7天），从95名年龄在18至41岁的哺乳期母亲中采集了母乳样本。初乳样本经冷冻干燥、制成粉末，并在德黑兰研究反应堆进行辐照以进行中子活化分析（NAA）。该方法用于测量必需元素——钙（Ca）、钾（K）、钠（Na）、氯（Cl）和碘（I）——以及非必需元素——铝（Al）、溴（Br）和铷（Rb）的浓度。计算了每种元素的描述性统计量，包括均值、中位数、最大值、最小值和标准差。进行了诸如皮尔逊相关性等统计分析，以评估各种元素浓度之间的关系。此外，采用t检验和p值来评估不同母亲年龄组（17 - 34岁与35 - 45岁）和经济状况（高/中与低）之间元素水平的差异。母乳干粉样本中各元素的平均浓度为：铝（Al）= 6.9毫克/千克，溴（Br）= 11.9毫克/千克，钙（Ca）= 2.757毫克/克，氯（Cl）= 7.836毫克/克，碘（I）= 1.22毫克/千克，钾（K）= 5.853毫克/克，钠（Na）= 4.932毫克/克，铷（Rb）= 3.69毫克/千克。在元素对之间发现了显著的相关性，如钠 - 氯、溴 - 氯、钠 - 溴、铷 - 钾和碘 - 氯。母亲年龄对溴浓度有显著影响，年龄较大的母亲溴水平高22%（p = 0.038），而钙水平低15%但无统计学意义（p = 0.20）。母亲的经济状况对钙和钾的浓度有显著影响，经济状况较好的母亲中这些元素的水平较高（分别为p = 0.02和p = 0.025）。本研究突出了德黑兰哺乳期母亲母乳样本的元素组成，并表明母亲年龄和经济状况等母体因素可显著影响母乳中特定元素的浓度。
