Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India.
BMC Pediatr. 2024 Nov 18;24(1):748. doi: 10.1186/s12887-024-05242-8.
India has committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 principle of "Leave No One Behind", which seeks to reduce disparities and vulnerabilities. The dearth of data on the oral health conditions of children with intellectual and developmental (IDD) disabilities in India is significant. Our systematic review intended to collate and synthesise data on the oral health status of children with IDD.
Online electronic databases such as PubMed-MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched using appropriate keywords from the earliest available data until 31st March 2024, with no language restriction. Cross-sectional studies conducted amongst individuals below 18 years of age with intellectual, or developmental disabilities, in India were included. Quality assessment and meta-analysis using a random-effects model for variables reported from four or more studies and a prediction interval was calculated.
Out of 2388 studies, a total of 15 studies were included. Our study showed that 91% (95% [confidence interval] CI: 0.80-0.96) of IDD children use toothbrushes regularly. However, poor oral hygiene was found among 38% (95% CI = 0.21-0.59) of IDD children. The pooled prevalence of dental caries among children was found to be 64% (95% CI: 0.45-0.79). Periodontal disease was reported in only one study among 54.20% of IDD children.
Our findings suggest that despite brushing regularly the incidence of caries and poor oral hygiene in children with IDD is high. Flexible, tailored interventions that go beyond a uniform approach must be implemented to effectively address oral health requirements of children with IDD. Specific Health Programmes should be established for their preventive oral care.
印度致力于实现 2030 年可持续发展目标（SDGs）的“不让任何人掉队”原则，该原则旨在减少差距和脆弱性。印度在智力和发育残疾（IDD）儿童口腔健康状况方面的数据严重不足。我们的系统综述旨在整理和综合印度 IDD 儿童口腔健康状况的数据。
使用适当的关键词，从最早的可用数据到 2024 年 3 月 31 日，在线检索 PubMed-MEDLINE、Embase 和 Scopus 等电子数据库，无语言限制。纳入在印度进行的年龄在 18 岁以下、患有智力或发育障碍的个体的横断面研究。使用随机效应模型对报告的四个或更多研究变量进行质量评估和荟萃分析，并计算预测区间。
在 2388 项研究中，共有 15 项研究纳入。我们的研究表明，91%（95%置信区间[CI]：0.80-0.96）的 IDD 儿童定期使用牙刷。然而，38%（95%CI=0.21-0.59）的 IDD 儿童口腔卫生状况较差。儿童龋齿的总患病率为 64%（95%CI：0.45-0.79）。在一项研究中报告了牙周病在 54.20%的 IDD 儿童中。
我们的研究结果表明，尽管儿童经常刷牙，但龋齿和口腔卫生不良的发生率仍然很高。必须实施灵活、量身定制的干预措施，超越统一的方法，以有效满足 IDD 儿童的口腔健康需求。应为他们的预防性口腔保健制定特定的卫生保健计划。
