补充橄榄油和亚麻籽油对健康及有风险成年人血压和炎症的影响：一项系统文献综述与荟萃分析
Supplementation of Olive Oil and Flaxseed Oil on Blood Pressure and Inflammation in Healthy and At-Risk Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.
作者信息
McNabb Tara B, Young Ian, Newman Rachel G, Skinner Roy C, Benedito Vagner A, Tou Janet C
机构信息
School of Agriculture and Food Systems, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 20506, USA.
School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
出版信息
Curr Hypertens Rev. 2024;20(3):141-155. doi: 10.2174/0115734021337760241104063418.
BACKGROUND
Adding olive oil (OO) and flaxseed oil (FLO) to the diet has been reported to improve endothelial function and reduce inflammation. However, the efficacy of supplementing OO and FLO on blood pressure (BP) in normo-, pre-, and hypertensive stage 1 adults is uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to systematically review the literature on OO and FLO supplementation on BP and select inflammatory markers in healthy adults and adults at risk of hypertension.
METHODS
Four databases, PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Medline (Ovid), were searched from inception until October 2023 for randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing OO and FLO supplementation in normotensive or adults at risk of hypertension. The outcomes included were systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and at least one inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin6 (IL6), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The risk of bias was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs, publication bias visualization was performed using funnel plots, and meta-analysis was completed to generate average estimates of effects in 2024.
RESULTS
Seventeen RCTs, comprising 14 studies on OO and 3 on FLO, met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model reported no significant effect on SBP n=17 mean difference (MD) -0.48; 95% CI: -1.76, 0.80; p=0.65, I =0%) and DBP (n=16, MD -0.47; 95% CI: -1.33, 0.39; p=0.65, I =0%) or inflammatory markers, CRP (n=8, MD 0.11; 95% CI: -1.18, 0.40; p=0.98, I =0%), IL6 (n=3, MD -0.15; 95% CI: -0.57, 0.27; p=0.87, I =0%), and TNFα (n=3, MD-0.08; 95% CI: -0.12, -0.03; p=0.98, I =0%).
CONCLUSION
Longer-duration, higher-dose, and larger-scale RCTs are needed to better understand the efficacy of OO and FLO supplementation on BP. Further insight will better inform dietary supplement use for preventing hypertension.
背景
据报道，在饮食中添加橄榄油（OO）和亚麻籽油（FLO）可改善内皮功能并减轻炎症。然而，在正常血压、高血压前期和1级高血压成年人中补充OO和FLO对血压（BP）的疗效尚不确定。
目的
本研究旨在系统回顾关于补充OO和FLO对健康成年人以及有高血压风险的成年人血压和选定炎症标志物影响的文献。
方法
检索了四个数据库，即PubMed、CINHAL、科学网和Medline（Ovid），检索时间从建库至2023年10月，以查找比较在正常血压或有高血压风险的成年人中补充OO和FLO的随机对照试验（RCT）。纳入的结果包括收缩压（SBP）和/或舒张压（DBP）以及至少一种炎症标志物，即C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素6（IL6）或肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）。使用Cochrane随机对照试验偏倚风险工具第2版评估偏倚风险，使用漏斗图进行发表偏倚可视化，并于2024年完成荟萃分析以得出效应的平均估计值。
结果
17项RCT符合纳入标准，其中14项研究涉及OO，3项研究涉及FLO。采用随机效应模型进行的荟萃分析显示，补充OO和FLO对SBP（n = 17，平均差[MD] -0.48；95%置信区间：-1.76，0.80；p = 0.65，I² = 0%）、DBP（n = 16，MD -0.47；95%置信区间：-1.33，0.39；p = 0.65，I² = 0%）或炎症标志物CRP（n = 8，MD 0.11；95%置信区间：-1.18，0.40；p = 0.98，I² = 0%）、IL6（n = 3，MD -0.15；95%置信区间：-0.57，0.27；p = 0.87，I² = 0%）和TNFα（n = 3，MD -0.08；95%置信区间：-0.12，-0.03；p = 0.98，I² = 0%）均无显著影响。
结论
需要进行持续时间更长、剂量更高和规模更大的随机对照试验，以更好地了解补充OO和FLO对血压的疗效。进一步的深入研究将为预防高血压的膳食补充剂使用提供更充分的信息。
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