特级初榨橄榄油对人体测量指数、炎症和心血管代谢标志物的影响：随机临床试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。
Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Anthropometric Indices, Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Markers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
机构信息
Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Butler Columbia Aging Center, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2024 Jan;154(1):95-120. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.028. Epub 2023 Nov 15.
BACKGROUND
A large body of literature associated extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption with low risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, findings from clinical trials related to EVOO consumption on blood pressure, lipid profile, and anthropometric and inflammation parameters are not univocal.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of EVOO consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory mediators.
METHODS
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane up through 31 March, 2023, without any particular language limitations, in order to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effects of EVOO consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory mediators, and anthropometric indices. Outcomes were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from Hedge's g and random-effects modeling. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran Q-statistic and quantified (I).
RESULTS
Thirty-three trials involving 2020 participants were included. EVOO consumption was associated with a significant decrease in insulin (n = 10; SMD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.05; I = 48.57%) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels (HOMA-IR) (n = 9; SMD: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.35, -0.03; I = 00.00%). This meta-analysis indicated no significant effect of consuming EVOO on fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and B, lipoprotein a, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor α levels (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The present evidence supports a beneficial effect of EVOO consumption on serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR. However, larger well-designed RCTs are still required to evaluate the effect of EVOO on cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42023409125.
背景
大量文献表明特级初榨橄榄油（EVOO）的摄入与心血管疾病和死亡率的低风险相关。然而，与 EVOO 摄入对血压、血脂谱、人体测量学和炎症参数的影响相关的临床试验结果并不一致。
目的
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估 EVOO 摄入对心血管代谢危险因素和炎症介质的影响。
方法
我们检索了 PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus 和 Cochrane，检索时间截至 2023 年 3 月 31 日，未设任何特定的语言限制，以确定评估 EVOO 摄入对心血管代谢危险因素、炎症介质和人体测量学指标影响的随机对照试验（RCT）。结果以 Hedge's g 估计的标准化均数差（SMD）和 95%置信区间（CI）表示，并采用随机效应模型进行汇总。采用 Cochran Q 统计量评估异质性，并进行量化（I²）。
结果
纳入了 33 项涉及 2020 名参与者的试验。EVOO 摄入与胰岛素（n = 10；SMD：-0.28；95%CI：-0.51，-0.05；I² = 48.57%）和稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗水平（HOMA-IR）（n = 9；SMD：-0.19；95%CI：-0.35，-0.03；I² = 00.00%）的显著降低相关。本荟萃分析表明，EVOO 摄入对空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白（Apo）A-I 和 B、脂蛋白 a、血压、体重指数、腰围、腰臀比、C 反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-10 和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平无显著影响（P > 0.05）。
结论
目前的证据支持 EVOO 摄入对血清胰岛素水平和 HOMA-IR 有益。然而，仍需要更大规模、精心设计的 RCT 来评估 EVOO 对心血管代谢风险生物标志物的影响。本研究已在 PROSPERO 注册，注册号为 CRD42023409125。
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