Kumar Sanjay, Dutta Angshuman, Biradar Kashiroygoud, Dwivedi Surjeet
Department of ENT-HNS, Command Hospital Air Force, Jogupalya, Bangalore India.
Department of Surgery, Command Hospital Air Force, Jogupalya, Bangalore India.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Dec;76(6):6115-6123. doi: 10.1007/s12070-024-04955-7. Epub 2024 Aug 7.
This review traces the historical development of otolaryngology, a medical specialty focused on diagnosing and treating ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders. The paper highlights key milestones and innovations shaping the field from ancient times to the modern era. The study involves a comprehensive review of historical texts and medical literature, examining advancements in otolaryngology. The analysis covers the early use of herbal remedies and rudimentary instruments, developments in surgical techniques and medical knowledge during the Renaissance, and innovations in anaesthesia and antisepsis in the 19th century. Additionally, it explores the impact of endoscopy, microsurgery, and the advent of robotic surgery on the field. The review identifies several important stages in the evolution of otolaryngology. Early practices in ancient Egypt, Greece, China, and India focused on herbal remedies and basic surgical techniques. During the medieval period, Arabic scholars preserved and enhanced medical knowledge. The Renaissance era saw significant progress through advances in anatomical studies and surgical techniques. The 19th century marked the formalization of otolaryngology with the introduction of anaesthesia, antisepsis, and specialized instruments. The mid-20th century brought a revolutionary impact with endoscopy and microsurgery, enabling minimally invasive procedures. The early 21st century saw the advent of robotic surgery, enhancing surgical precision and outcomes. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, nanotechnology, and bioprinting hold potential to further advance the field, enhancing patient care and treatment efficacy. Otolaryngology has evolved significantly, with ongoing technological advancements promising further improvements in patient care and treatment outcomes.
本综述追溯了耳鼻喉科学的历史发展，这是一门专注于诊断和治疗耳、鼻、喉（ENT）疾病的医学专业。本文重点介绍了从古至今塑造该领域的关键里程碑和创新。该研究包括对历史文献和医学著作的全面回顾，审视耳鼻喉科学的进展。分析涵盖了草药疗法和原始器械的早期使用、文艺复兴时期手术技术和医学知识的发展，以及19世纪麻醉和防腐方面的创新。此外，还探讨了内窥镜检查、显微外科手术以及机器人手术的出现对该领域的影响。该综述确定了耳鼻喉科学发展过程中的几个重要阶段。古埃及、希腊、中国和印度的早期实践主要集中在草药疗法和基本手术技术上。中世纪时期，阿拉伯学者保存并丰富了医学知识。文艺复兴时期，解剖学研究和手术技术的进步取得了重大进展。19世纪，随着麻醉、防腐和专业器械的引入，耳鼻喉科学正式形成。20世纪中叶，内窥镜检查和显微外科手术带来了革命性影响，实现了微创手术。21世纪初，机器人手术问世，提高了手术精度和效果。人工智能、增强现实、虚拟现实、纳米技术和生物打印等新兴技术有望进一步推动该领域发展，提高患者护理水平和治疗效果。耳鼻喉科学已经有了显著发展，持续的技术进步有望进一步改善患者护理和治疗结果。
