Hossain Mohammad Afzal, Ahmed Tanvir, Ferdaus Jannatul, Zzaman Wahidu
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 24;10(21):e39811. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39811. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
This research aimed to estimate the optimum formulation of process parameters in making tomato powder with optimal physicochemical properties using foam-mat drying. The egg albumin (EA) concentration (1-5%), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) concentration (1-1.5 %), and drying temperature (60-70 °C) were employed as independent variables in optimizing through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in combination with Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). Based on the total 17 runs of BBD, foam-mat dried powder showed physicochemical properties such as 0.18-0.33 g/cm foam density, 178.54-350 % foam expansion, 40-94 % foam stability, 46.80-62 % water soluble index (WSI), 1.13-2.96 water absorption index (WAI), 1.51-2 °Brix TSS, 2.30-3.98 mg/100 mL ascorbic acid, 0.22-0.38 % titratable acidity, and color (L∗: 29.26-48.07, a∗: 9.73-16.86, and b∗: 6.81-21.56). Furthermore, the ANOVA findings revealed the correlation of determination (R) exceeding 85 % for the models, suggesting that the interaction between the responses and the prediction of the implied model is suitable. The optimal formulation from RSM was 4.59 % EA, 0.70 % CMC, and 60 °C drying temperature. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental values were 0.19 ± 0.03 g/cm foam density, 346.60 ± 3.35 % foam expansion, 89.05 ± 2.80 % foam stability, 55.56 ± 3.22 % WSI, 2.49 ± 0.09 WAI, 1.84 ± 0.15 °Brix TSS, 2.93 ± 0.10 mg/100 mL ascorbic acid, 0.39 ± 0.02 % titratable acidity, 46.95 ± 6.35 L∗, 17.54 ± 1.50 a∗, and 21.85 ± 0.74 b∗. The optimized parameters were verified, and there was good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted values (residual standard error (RSE) ≤ 5).
本研究旨在通过泡沫垫干燥法，估算制备具有最佳物理化学性质的番茄粉时工艺参数的最佳配方。蛋清蛋白（EA）浓度（1 - 5%）、羧甲基纤维素（CMC）浓度（1 - 1.5%）和干燥温度（60 - 70°C）作为自变量，通过响应面法（RSM）结合Box - Behnken实验设计（BBD）进行优化。基于BBD的总共17次运行，泡沫垫干燥粉末呈现出如下物理化学性质：泡沫密度为0.18 - 0.33 g/cm，泡沫膨胀率为178.54 - 350%，泡沫稳定性为40 - 94%，水溶性指数（WSI）为46.80 - 62%，吸水性指数（WAI）为1.13 - 2.96，总可溶性固形物（TSS）为1.51 - 2°Brix，抗坏血酸含量为2.30 - 3.98 mg/100 mL，可滴定酸度为0.22 - 0.38%，颜色（L∗：29.26 - 48.07，a∗：9.73 - 16.86，b∗：6.81 - 21.56）。此外，方差分析结果显示，模型的决定系数（R）超过85%，这表明响应与隐含模型预测之间的相互作用是合适的。RSM得出的最佳配方为4.59%的EA、0.70%的CMC和60°C的干燥温度。在优化条件下，实验值为：泡沫密度0.19±0.03 g/cm，泡沫膨胀率346.60±3.35%，泡沫稳定性89.05±2.80%，WSI为55.56±3.22%，WAI为2.49±0.09，TSS为1.84±0.15°Brix，抗坏血酸含量为2.93±0.10 mg/100 mL，可滴定酸度为0.39±0.02%，颜色L∗为46.95±6.35，a∗为17.54±1.50，b∗为21.85±0.74。对优化后的参数进行了验证，实验结果与预测值之间具有良好的一致性（残差标准误差（RSE）≤5）。
