Meeldijk Arne, Vandeberg Lisa, Akkermans Reinier, Hautvast Jeannine
GGD Brabant Zuidoost, Department: Onderzoek, P.O. Box 8684, 5605, KR, Eindhoven.
Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500, HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical centre, Postbus 9101, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Vaccine. 2025 Jan 1;43(Pt 2):126533. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126533. Epub 2024 Nov 18.
Vaccines are effective and affordable health prevention measures to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases, but achieving sufficient vaccine uptake population-wide is challenging. In this work, we assess the impact of various text messages reminders on COVID-19 booster uptake and the extent to which the effect of messages holds over time. Additionally, we analyse whether people's self-reported vaccination intentions (measured in response to message prompts) corresponds to actual vaccine uptake and whether this relationship differs between message variants.
We performed two large sequential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Netherlands (N = 140.973), with the design of RCT2 building on the findings of RCT1. We 1) analyzed the effect of various text messages on COVID-19 booster uptake; 2) assessed the extent to which these effects hold over time; and 3) tested whether a positive response to message prompts moderates the effect of message variant on vaccine uptake.
First, the results of RCT1 demonstrate that text messages with an ownership frame ("your [vaccine] is ready for you") result in highest vaccine uptake (e.g., compared to no text message: OR = 1.28 [99 % CI 1.03-1.59]). RCT2 showed that text messages with an ownership frame and a specific date, time and location result in highest vaccine uptake (e.g., compared to no text message: OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85-2.38]). Second, most message effects hold over a longer period of time (e.g., 'date, time, location' message versus no message: OR = 2.10 [99 % CI 1.85-2.38] on day 6 and OR = 1.36 [99 % CI 1.25-1.48] on day 50). Third, we find that participants who received our most effective text and replied that they will take the vaccine, are more inclined to actually take the vaccine compared to the message with broad opening hours OR = 2.86 [99 % CI 2.14-3.82].
Text message reminders are able to increase vaccine uptake. From the tested variations, messages with an ownership frame providing a specific date, time and location are most effective. Because text messages demonstrate no notable disadvantages, we advise Public Health authorities to include this effective intervention in their vaccination campaign strategies.
疫苗是预防疫苗可预防疾病的有效且经济实惠的健康预防措施，但要在全人群中实现足够的疫苗接种率具有挑战性。在这项研究中，我们评估了各种短信提醒对新冠疫苗加强针接种的影响以及这些信息的效果随时间持续的程度。此外，我们分析了人们自我报告的接种意愿（根据信息提示进行测量）是否与实际疫苗接种情况相符，以及这种关系在不同信息变体之间是否存在差异。
我们在荷兰进行了两项大型序贯随机对照试验（RCT）（N = 140,973），RCT2的设计基于RCT1的结果。我们1）分析了各种短信对新冠疫苗加强针接种的影响；2）评估了这些效果随时间持续的程度；3）测试了对信息提示的积极回应是否会调节信息变体对疫苗接种的影响。
首先，RCT1的结果表明，带有所有权框架的短信（“您的[疫苗]已为您准备好”）导致最高的疫苗接种率（例如，与无短信相比：OR = 1.28 [99% CI 1.03 - 1.59]）。RCT2表明，带有所有权框架以及具体日期、时间和地点的短信导致最高的疫苗接种率（例如，与无短信相比：OR = 2.10 [99% CI 1.85 - 2.38]）。其次，大多数信息效果在较长时间内持续存在（例如，“日期、时间、地点”信息与无信息相比：第6天OR = 2.10 [99% CI 1.85 - 2.38]，第50天OR = 1.36 [99% CI 1.25 - 1.48]）。第三，我们发现，与开放时间宽泛的信息相比，收到我们最有效短信并回复会接种疫苗的参与者更倾向于实际接种疫苗（OR = 2.86 [99% CI 2.14 - 3.82]）。
短信提醒能够提高疫苗接种率。在测试的变体中，带有提供具体日期、时间和地点的所有权框架的信息最为有效。由于短信没有明显的缺点，我们建议公共卫生当局将这种有效干预措施纳入其疫苗接种活动策略中。
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