van Heck Julia I P, Ajie Mandala, Joosten Leo A B, Tack Cees J, Stienstra Rinke
Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025 Feb;27(2):719-728. doi: 10.1111/dom.16066. Epub 2024 Nov 19.
The presence of low-grade inflammation has been reported in people with type 2 diabetes and related to the development of (macro)vascular complications. Whether systemic inflammation is present in type 1 diabetes and linked to long-term complications remains unknown. We used a targeted proteomics approach to compare inflammation in people with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes with control subjects and linked these proteins to diabetes related characteristics and complications.
We included 233 participants with type 1 diabetes, 387 participants with type 2 diabetes and 150 healthy controls. Plasma was collected and used to determine high sensitive C-reactive proteins (hs-CRP) and an additional 92 inflammatory proteins using the Olink proteomics platform.
Compared to healthy controls, 41 circulating inflammatory proteins were higher in type 1 diabetes (FDR < 0.05) and 64 inflammatory proteins in type 2 diabetes (FDR < 0.05) (including CXCL5, IL-15RA, MCP-4 and AXIN1 for both groups). HbA levels were positively associated with 21 inflammatory proteins (including CDCP1, FGF-21, HGF and IL-18R1) in type 1 diabetes (FDR < 0.05), whereas a positive association existed between body mass index (BMI) and 26 inflammatory proteins (including IL6, IL17C, FGF-23 and CSF-1) in type 2 diabetes. Inflammatory proteins associated with the presences, of complications, particularly nephropathy, were similar in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. FlT3L and EN-RAGE were associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes.
Both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased circulating inflammatory protein concentrations, but the increase is more pronounced in type 2 diabetes. These results suggest both differences in drivers of inflammation between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes as well as potential similarities in pathways involved in the development of diabetes-associated complications.
2型糖尿病患者中存在低度炎症，且与（大）血管并发症的发生有关。1型糖尿病患者是否存在全身炎症以及是否与长期并发症相关尚不清楚。我们采用靶向蛋白质组学方法比较1型糖尿病患者、2型糖尿病患者和对照受试者的炎症情况，并将这些蛋白质与糖尿病相关特征和并发症联系起来。
我们纳入了233名1型糖尿病患者、387名2型糖尿病患者和150名健康对照者。采集血浆，使用Olink蛋白质组学平台测定高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）和另外92种炎症蛋白。
与健康对照相比，1型糖尿病患者中有41种循环炎症蛋白水平升高（FDR<0.05），2型糖尿病患者中有64种炎症蛋白水平升高（FDR<0.05）（两组均包括CXCL5、IL-15RA、MCP-4和AXIN1）。1型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白（HbA）水平与21种炎症蛋白（包括CDCP1、FGF-21、HGF和IL-18R1）呈正相关（FDR<0.05），而2型糖尿病患者的体重指数（BMI）与26种炎症蛋白（包括IL6、IL17C、FGF-23和CSF-1）呈正相关。1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病中与并发症（尤其是肾病）存在相关的炎症蛋白相似。Flt3L和EN-RAGE与2型糖尿病患者心血管疾病（CVD）的发生有关。
1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病均与循环炎症蛋白浓度升高有关，但2型糖尿病中升高更为明显。这些结果表明1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病在炎症驱动因素上存在差异，以及在糖尿病相关并发症发生途径上存在潜在相似性。
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