Suarez Gabriela L, Shaw Daniel S, Wilson Melvin N, Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn, Hyde Luke W
Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Department of Psychology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
Prev Sci. 2024 Nov 19. doi: 10.1007/s11121-024-01754-y.
Understanding the factors contributing to adolescent antisocial behavior is crucial for effective interventions. Protracted development of cognitive control systems supporting inhibitory control may be linked to increases in adolescent antisocial behavior, suggesting the promotion of inhibitory control as a potential preventative strategy. Concurrently, social contextual factors, including peer relationships, parent-child dynamics, and the neighborhood environment, may exacerbate or buffer the risk posed by low inhibitory control. In a large, longitudinal sample of youth from racially and ethnically diverse low-income families (N = 731), we examined the association between inhibitory control (age 10.5) and antisocial behavior (age 14) and explored contextual factors (neighborhood, peer relationships, parent-child relationship) as potential moderators. Lastly, we investigated whether a randomized controlled trial of the Family Check-Up (FCU) intervention started at age 2 predicted a decreased youth report of antisocial behavior in adolescence via increased inhibitory control in late childhood. We found that lower inhibitory control in late childhood predicted increased antisocial behavior in adolescence. For youth with low inhibitory control, living in a dangerous neighborhood or associating more with deviant peers increased the risk for adolescent antisocial behavior. Finally, the FCU intervention indirectly reduced youth-reported adolescent antisocial behavior via enhancing inhibitory control in late childhood, and the indirect effect was strongest for youth in risky contexts (e.g., low parental knowledge and control). Although risky contexts can exacerbate individual risks related to deficits in inhibitory control, greater inhibitory control may be a protective factor. Additionally, early childhood interventions can improve inhibitory skills and decrease the risk of adolescent antisocial behavior, particularly for youth within risky contexts.
了解导致青少年反社会行为的因素对于有效干预至关重要。支持抑制控制的认知控制系统的长期发展可能与青少年反社会行为的增加有关，这表明促进抑制控制是一种潜在的预防策略。同时，社会环境因素，包括同伴关系、亲子动态和邻里环境，可能会加剧或缓冲低抑制控制带来的风险。在一个来自种族和民族多样化的低收入家庭的大型纵向青年样本（N = 731）中，我们研究了抑制控制（10.5岁时）与反社会行为（14岁时）之间的关联，并探讨了环境因素（邻里、同伴关系、亲子关系）作为潜在的调节因素。最后，我们调查了一项从2岁开始的家庭检查（FCU）干预的随机对照试验是否通过增加童年后期的抑制控制来预测青少年反社会行为的青年报告减少。我们发现童年后期较低的抑制控制预示着青少年期反社会行为的增加。对于抑制控制能力低的青少年，生活在危险的社区或与越轨同伴交往更多会增加青少年反社会行为的风险。最后，FCU干预通过增强童年后期的抑制控制间接减少了青少年报告的反社会行为，并且这种间接效应在风险环境中的青少年中最为明显（例如，父母知识和控制水平低）。虽然风险环境会加剧与抑制控制缺陷相关的个体风险，但更强的抑制控制可能是一个保护因素。此外，幼儿期干预可以提高抑制技能并降低青少年反社会行为的风险，特别是对于处于风险环境中的青少年。
