Cullen J W, McKenna J W, Massey M M
Chest. 1986 Apr;89(4 Suppl):206S-218S. doi: 10.1378/chest.89.4_supplement.206s.
International data demonstrate convincingly that lung cancer death rates follow and parallel cigarette smoking prevalence rates in both men and women. Effective control of lung cancer and the many other diseases associated with smoking can be achieved only by continued reductions in smoking prevalence in developed countries and the arrestment of smoking in developing countries. Smoking control strategies can take the form of prevention programs, cessation programs, regulatory and legislative measures, and modifications in tobacco product composition. Because of uncertainties surrounding the efficacies of specific smoking control approaches, the National Cancer Institute recently initiated a major intervention research program to identify and assess the most promising strategies to reduce smoking prevalence in the general public and high-risk populations; heavy smokers, blacks, Hispanics, women, youth, and smokeless tobacco users. By 1990, trial results will be available to allow systematic application of smoking control strategies (demonstrations) using physicians and dentists, mass media, school programs, self-help materials, and the community as a laboratory. For a number of reasons, such approaches are strongly recommended over efforts to reduce cigarette tar and nicotine levels as the primary focus of lung cancer control.
国际数据令人信服地表明，男性和女性的肺癌死亡率都与吸烟流行率相关且呈平行关系。只有通过持续降低发达国家的吸烟流行率以及阻止发展中国家吸烟人数的增加，才能有效控制肺癌以及许多其他与吸烟相关的疾病。控烟策略可以采取预防项目、戒烟项目、监管和立法措施以及改变烟草产品成分等形式。由于特定控烟方法的效果存在不确定性，美国国家癌症研究所最近启动了一项重大干预研究项目，以确定和评估在普通公众和高危人群（重度吸烟者、黑人、西班牙裔、女性、青少年和无烟烟草使用者）中降低吸烟流行率的最有前景的策略。到1990年，将获得试验结果，以便能够系统地应用控烟策略（示范项目），利用医生和牙医、大众媒体、学校项目、自助材料以及社区作为试验场地。出于多种原因，强烈建议采用这些方法，而不是将降低香烟焦油和尼古丁含量作为肺癌控制的主要重点。
