Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, Climate Change Research Centre, Herbarium and Biodiversity Conservation, Azad Jammu and Kashmir University of Bhimber (AJKUoB), Bhimber, 10040 (AJK), Pakistan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Nov 19;24(1):1099. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05813-y.
The mung bean crop (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is widely recognized as a key source of pulse food worldwide. However, this crop suffers substantial yield losses due to humid environments, particularly from infestations by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, which causes charcoal rot disease. This infestation results in significant agronomic losses, affecting both the crop's growth characteristics and overall yield. Previous research suggests that these losses can be mitigated through environmentally friendly soil amendments, such as biochar, as well as by applying various nanofungicides. This study aims to explore the potential of biochar and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) to reduce the severity of charcoal rot disease and enhance the agronomic traits and yield of mung bean plants affected by this disease. The experiment was conducted in triplicate, applying ZnONPs at three concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mg. L) via foliar spraying, combined with two levels of biochar (20 g and 40 g per pot). Positive and negative control treatments were also included for comparison. The results demonstrated that applying 40 g of biochar per pot and 20 mg. L of foliar-applied ZnONPs increased the activities of the anti-oxidative defence enzymes. Additionally, this treatment strategy boosted the plants' disease resistance mechanisms, leading to lower mortality rates and reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by 61.7% and 49.23%. Moreover, the treatment positively impacted key growth parameters, increasing total chlorophyll content by 43%, plant height by 47%, and legume count per plant by 80.4%. The application of biochar and ZnONPs also improved seed protein content, reflecting an enhancement in nutritional quality. This study supports the use of biochar and ZnONPs as biostimulants to manage yield losses in mung bean crops affected by charcoal rot disease. The future prospects of using ZnONPs and biochar as treatments in agriculture are promising, as they offer innovative, eco-friendly solutions to enhance crop productivity, improve soil health, and reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals, paving the way for more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
绿豆作物（Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek）被广泛认为是全球豆类食品的重要来源。然而，由于潮湿的环境，特别是真菌病原体 Macrophomina phaseolina 的侵害，导致炭腐病，这种作物的产量损失很大。这种侵害会导致严重的农业损失，影响作物的生长特性和整体产量。先前的研究表明，通过环保型土壤改良剂（如生物炭）以及应用各种纳米杀菌剂，可以减轻这些损失。本研究旨在探索生物炭和氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnONPs）的潜力，以减轻炭腐病的严重程度，提高受该病影响的绿豆植株的农艺性状和产量。该实验进行了三次重复，通过叶面喷施将 ZnONPs 应用于三个浓度（5、10 和 20mg·L），同时施加两个水平的生物炭（每盆 20 和 40g）。还包括阳性和阴性对照处理进行比较。结果表明，每盆施加 40g 生物炭和叶面喷施 20mg·L 的 ZnONPs 可提高抗氧化防御酶的活性。此外，这种处理策略增强了植物的抗病机制，使死亡率降低了 61.7%，丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）水平降低了 49.23%。此外，该处理还对关键生长参数产生了积极影响，使总叶绿素含量增加了 43%，株高增加了 47%，每株豆荚数增加了 80.4%。生物炭和 ZnONPs 的应用还提高了种子蛋白质含量，反映出营养品质的提高。本研究支持将生物炭和 ZnONPs 用作生物刺激剂来管理受炭腐病影响的绿豆作物的产量损失。未来使用 ZnONPs 和生物炭作为农业处理方法的前景广阔，因为它们为提高作物生产力、改善土壤健康和减少对合成化学品的依赖提供了创新的、环保的解决方案，为更可持续和有弹性的农业系统铺平了道路。
