Faculty Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Keep Food Simple, Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 19;24(1):3215. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20044-4.
A suboptimal diet is responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other risk. A dietary factor that needs more attention is whole-grain consumption because of its proven health, nutritional, and environmental benefits. Despite these benefits, the daily whole-grain and dietary fibre intake by Dutch residents is low and the reasons for this low consumption are unknown. This study analysed the facilitating and hindering factors associated with (non) oat consumption using the Integrated Change Model (ICM). It compared which factors distinguished oat consumers from moderate and low-oat consumers using a cross-sectional, quantitative study design. The questionnaire used in the quantitative study was based on the results a qualitative study that validated the findings identified in the literature and previous ICM studies. Data was collected using an online survey (Qualtrics). In both studies, the sample of participants included individuals age > 18, of both genders residents in the Netherlands without an allergy to oats, and who read or speak fluently Dutch or English. In total, 299 residents were included in the study. The results indicated that non-oat consumers were less health-conscious, had limited awareness of their dietary behaviours, possessed less knowledge, and were less aware of the severity and susceptibility to various health conditions, such as high cholesterol. They also received fewer prompts to consume oats, were less convinced of the rational and emotional benefits of oats, experienced less social support, reported more obstacles, and had lower self-efficacy regarding oat consumption. The Integrated Change Model (ICM) explained 55% of the variance in intention and 38% in behaviour. Consequently, efforts to promote oat consumption among Dutch adults should address these factors to enhance awareness, increase motivation, and facilitate actions to boost oat intake.
不良饮食是导致全球死亡人数超过其他任何风险因素的主要原因。需要更多关注的饮食因素是全谷物的摄入，因为它对健康、营养和环境都有好处。尽管有这些好处，但荷兰居民的日常全谷物和膳食纤维摄入量很低，而造成这种低摄入量的原因尚不清楚。本研究使用综合变革模型（ICM）分析了与（非）燕麦消费相关的促进因素和阻碍因素。它比较了哪些因素可以区分燕麦消费者、中度燕麦消费者和低燕麦消费者，采用了横断面、定量研究设计。定量研究中使用的问卷是基于定性研究的结果，该研究验证了文献和之前 ICM 研究中确定的发现。数据是通过在线调查（Qualtrics）收集的。在这两项研究中，参与者样本包括年龄在 18 岁以上的荷兰居民，无论性别，对燕麦不过敏，并且能熟练阅读或说荷兰语或英语。共有 299 名居民参与了这项研究。结果表明，非燕麦消费者的健康意识较低，对自己的饮食行为认识有限，知识储备较少，对各种健康状况（如高胆固醇）的严重程度和易感性认识不足。他们也较少收到食用燕麦的提示，对燕麦的理性和情感益处不太信服，社会支持较少，报告的障碍较多，对燕麦食用的自我效能感较低。综合变革模型（ICM）解释了 55%的意图和 38%的行为变化。因此，促进荷兰成年人食用燕麦的努力应该针对这些因素，以提高意识，增强动机，并促进增加燕麦摄入量的行动。
