Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department for Analysis, Swedish Social Insurance Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Affect Disord. 2023 Oct 15;339:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.042. Epub 2023 Jul 9.
The present article aimed to investigate 1) if mental health problems (depression and burnout including the dimensions; emotional exhaustion, mental distance and cognitive and emotional impairment) differed between nurses and physicians in Sweden, 2) if any differences were explained by differences in sex compositions, and 3) if any sex differences were larger within either of the two professions.
Data were derived from a representative sample of nurses (n = 2903) and physicians (n = 2712) in 2022. Two scales were used to assess burnout (KEDS and BAT) and one to assess depression (SCL-6). The BAT scale has four sub-dimensions. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyse each scale and dimension separately.
Results showed that 16-28 % of nurses and physicians reported moderate to severe symptoms of burnout. The prevalence differed between occupations across the scales and dimensions used. Nurses reported higher scores on KEDS while physicians reported higher scores on BAT including the four dimensions. Also, 7 % of nurses' and 6 % of physicians' scores were above the cut-off for major depression. The inclusion of sex in the models changed the odds ratios of differences between doctors and nurses in all mental health dimensions except mental distance and cognitive impairment.
This study was based on cross-sectional survey data which has some limitations.
Our study suggests that the prevalence of mental health problems is prominent among nurses and physicians in Sweden. Sex plays an important role in the difference in the prevalence of mental health problems between the two professions.
本文旨在调查 1）在瑞典，护士和医生的心理健康问题（包括抑郁和倦怠，倦怠包括情绪耗竭、心理距离、认知和情感障碍四个维度）是否存在差异，2）这些差异是否由性别构成差异解释，3）如果任何性别差异在这两个职业中的任何一个中更大。
数据来自于 2022 年对护士（n=2903）和医生（n=2712）的代表性样本。使用两种量表评估倦怠（KEDS 和 BAT）和一种量表评估抑郁（SCL-6）。BAT 量表有四个子维度。使用描述性统计和逻辑回归分别对每个量表和维度进行分析。
结果表明，16-28%的护士和医生报告有中度至重度倦怠症状。使用的量表和维度不同，职业之间的患病率也不同。护士在 KEDS 上的得分较高，而医生在 BAT 上的得分较高，包括四个维度。此外，护士中有 7%和医生中有 6%的得分超过了重度抑郁的临界值。在模型中纳入性别改变了医生和护士在所有心理健康维度上的差异的优势比，除了心理距离和认知障碍。
本研究基于横断面调查数据，存在一些局限性。
我们的研究表明，瑞典护士和医生的心理健康问题普遍存在。性别在这两个职业中心理健康问题的患病率差异中起着重要作用。
